Food Presentation

As we all know, food is essential to our daily lives because it gives us the energy and nutrients that we need especially when we prepared it right. So our professor gave us a task to prepare a meal (good for six persons) that follows the guidelines of the Food Pyramid. During our brainstorming, many ideas came up to our minds. But we came up to a point that we should have criteria in choosing the right meal. It should be healthy, satisfying, and of course it will not cost us too much. After exchanging ideas, we finally decided that we will be having Crab and Corn soup as the appetizer, Chicken Curry for the main dish, Saging Con Yelo for the dessert, iced tea (Apple flavor) for the drinks and Apple for the side dish. After the discussion, the group leader assigned the task and set the time and place for the next meeting. I was assigned to prepare the list of ingredients that will be used for the cooking. When my group mates and I meet again, everybody was excited especially me because we will be buying the ingredients that we need for the food presentation. It’s already been a long time since I last go to a market and I really don’t know how to choose from what’s fresh or not and to buy or not to buy so I asked my group mates to teach me the basics in buying fresh vegetables, meats and fruits. Luckily, Florevil knows something about cooking so we didn’t had a hard time dealing with it. Since me and some of my group mates don’t know how to cook, we are assigned to prepare the ingredients and make sure everything is ready. While Florevil is cooking the meal, I watched every step of it so I can cook it at our house when my mom is not around. As the meal is almost done, some of my group mates prepared the dessert and the side dish, some prepared the table and set it in a presentable way and some called the guests who will taste the meal that we prepared. I couldn’t resist myself to eat when I smelled the Chicken Curry but I have to because we should serve the guests first. By the way, it is my favorite dish After the guests tasted our meal, they gave us comments. The food is well presented and the main dish and the dessert are delicious. But the appetizer is too salty and didn’t go well with the main dish and dessert. Good thing we had apples as our back up to the salty appetizer we cooked. The presentation ended. We cleaned our mess and had a last group meeting to discuss the positive and negative comments of the guests. We accepted the criticisms given by the guests whole heartedly for us to learn from it and to improve more the next time we will have an activity like this. We can also apply the knowledge that we have learned from this activity and use it for the future.

Stefan’s Diaries: Bloodlust Chapter 19

I ran past the shanties set up around the circus through the deep woods, following the tracks of the wagon until I lost the vehicles scent completely at the outskirts of the city proper. A drunk was leaning against a brick building, whistling tunelessly. In a blind rage, I roughly fell to my knees and grabbed him, biting into his neck and sucking his blood before he even had time to gasp. It tasted bitter, but I kept drinking, gulping it in until I could stand no more. Sitting back on my heels, I wiped my mouth with the back of my hand, and looked around. Confusion and hatred coursed through my veins. Why couldnt I save Damon? Why had I just watched as Gallagher goaded the audience into placing even more bets, as the mountain lion pounced onto my brother? And why had Damon allowed himself to be captured and put me in this impossible position? I wished Id never insisted on turning him into a vampire in the first place. If he werent here and I were alone in the city, everything would be so much easier. Now I was trying to be a good brother, and a good vampire, and yet was failing at everything. I walked home, clomping up the steps to the house. I slammed the door, causing the hinges to rattle and one of the paintings in the parlor to fall on the floor with a clatter. Instantly, I saw Buxton glaring at me from the opposite side of the room, his eyes glittering in the darkness. â€Å"Is there some sort of problem youre having with the door?† he asked through clenched teeth. I tried to brush past him, but he blocked my path. â€Å"Excuse me,† I muttered, pushing him. â€Å"Excuse you,† Buxton said, crossing his arms over his chest. â€Å"Coming in as if you own the place. Stinking like humans. While Im not one to question Miss Lexi, I do think its time you show a little respect for her home, brother.† The wordbrotherawakened something within me. â€Å"Watch what you say,† I hissed, baring my teeth. But Buxton just chuckled. â€Å"Ill watch what I say when you watch how you act.† â€Å"Boys?† Lexi called from upstairs, her lilting voice a contrast to the tense scene. She glided down the stairs, her eyes softening with concern when they rested on me. â€Å"Is Damon ?† â€Å"Hes alive,† I muttered. â€Å"But I couldnt get to him.† Lexi perched on the edge of a rickety rocking chair, her eyes large and sympathetic. â€Å"Buxton, can you please get us some goats blood?† Buxtons eyes narrowed, but he shuffled out of the parlor and into the kitchen. In the living room, I could hear Hugo playing a lively French march on the piano. â€Å"Thanks,† I said, sinking into an overstuffed love seat. I didnt want goats blood. I wanted to gorge myself on gallons and gallons of human blood, drinking until I got sick and passed out in total oblivion. â€Å"Remember, hes strong,† Lexi said. â€Å"Im not worried about Buxton,† I said. â€Å"I meant your brother. If hes anything like you, hes strong.† I looked up at her. She came over and took my chin in her hand. â€Å"Thats what you have to believe. Its what I believe. The trouble with you is that you want everything done right away. Youre impatient.† I sighed. The last thing I needed was another lecture about how I had no sense of the way the real vampire world worked. Besides, I wasnt impatient. I was desperate. â€Å"You just need to think of another plan. One we can help with.† Lexi glanced over as Buxton entered, carrying a silver tray laden with two mugs. Buxton paused midstep. â€Å"Faut-il l'aider?† he asked in French. â€Å"Nous l'aiderons,† Lexi replied. Neither Lexi nor Buxton knew that Id learned French at my mothers knee; it was odd to listen to them speakabout whether to help me free Damon. I stared at my hands, which were still covered with crusted blood from my hunt earlier in the evening. Buxton banged the tray against the polished cherrywood table. â€Å"You will not put us in danger,† he growled, his fangs inches away from my neck. He shoved me with all his might against the wall, and the back of my head cracked against the fireplaces marble mantle. My Power took over, and I pushed his shoulders hard. But Buxton was older and stronger than I was, and he kept me pinned to the wall, his hands firmly against my chest. I could feel blood beginning to seep from my skull, where Id hit my head. â€Å"You selfish, ungrateful monster,† Buxton whispered, hatred dripping from his voice. â€Å"Ive seen vampires like you before. You think the world is yours for the taking. You dont care about others. You dont care who you kill. You give us a bad name.† I twisted and writhed, trying to escape his grip, when suddenly I felt the pressure release from my chest, followed by an enormous crash as Buxton fell to the floor. â€Å"Buxton,† Lexi lectured, staring at the prone body lying at her feet. â€Å"How many more centuries will it be before you learn how to treat a guest? And, Stefan, wont you agree with me that human blood simply doesnt agree with you? That behavior wasnt necessary.† Lexi shook her head like an annoyed schoolmarm. â€Å"Now, Ill drink my blood in peace. Be nice, boys,† she said as she glided out of the room, the mug of blood in her hands. How could she walk away so casually, knowing that my brother was out there imprisoned and tortured? I had come to depend on Lexi for many things, and support in finding and saving Damon was my only priority now. As if reading my mind, she paused at the archway to her quarters, glancing from one of us to the other. â€Å"If and when I say we help Damon, we will. Is that clear to both of you?† â€Å"Yes, Miss Lexi,† Buxton murmured as he slowly eased onto his knees then stood up. I nodded, barely containing my scowl.If? Buxton limped out of the room, but not before he threw one last glare in my direction. Suddenly the house felt too small, as though the walls, floors, and ceilings were pressing in at me from all sides. Letting out one last growl, I flew through the parlor, out the door, and back down to Lake Road.

Future of Pakistan

Future of Pakistan After a great struggle Muslims of the sub-continent succeeded to get a homeland where they could lead their lives according to their religion. On 14th august, 1947. Pakistan came into being. unto now Pakistan has made much progress in different fields. Although Pakistan has been In troubles from the very first day yet It has made much progress . Now Pakistan is the 6th atomic power in the world. Exploring current images of Pakistan's futures is the task for this essay. Based on a literature review ofPakistani magazines, newspapers and Journals as well as conversations with Pakistani scholars and interviews with members of the general public, we develop and evaluate five Images or scenarios of the future. This essay concludes with suggestions for designing alternative futures for Pakistan. Before we articulate these images of the future, let us first examine the â€Å"futures approach† to the study of social reality. A futures view focuses primarily on tempor ality. Where are we going? What are the possibilities ahead? What strategies can we use to realize our goals?How can he Image of the future help us better understand and change today? who are the losers and winners In any particular articulation of time? The futures perspective Is initially similar to traditional political analysis in that it begins with an exploration of economic, International and social events and the choices made by actors that make these events possible. However, the futures view also attempts to place events and choices within an historical dimension; that is, the larger and deeper structures that make these discrete events intelligible, such as core-periphery. ban-rural, gender, caste, and macro patterns of social change. Also important in the futures view is the post-structural dimension; the larger meaning system or the epistemological ground plan of the real as embedded in language that constitutes events and structures. unfortunately, most efforts to unde rstand the future remain in the predictive mode. It Is often asked. what and when will a particular event occur and how can we profit or increase our power from a specific prediction? Economists and strategic analysts claim to excellent this task.Our efforts here-sensitive to the richness of reality and the need to decolonize the study of the future from narrow models of reality–is to explore images or scenarios of the future. Our task is not to predict and thereby make this essay political fodder for technocrats but to use the future to create real possibilities for change. We thus do not intend to give a familiar reading of Pakistan's future, as might be available In a five year plan, rather we enter Into a discussion of alternative futures, of the many choices ahead as contoured by the structure of istory and the modern boundaries of knowledge that frame our identity.In the images or scenarios that follow it should be remembered that these images are meant as tools for dis cussion and dialog; they are intended to clarify the futures ahead not to reify social reality. Our goal is Insight not prediction. As an Initial caveat, an important failing of this essay is that the textual sources and conversations were entirely in English–one might get different images with local Pakistani languages.By Zainabazharl 2 here they could lead their lives according to their religion. On 14th august, 1947, Pakistan came into being. Unto now Pakistan has made much progress in different fields. Although Pakistan has been in troubles from the very first day yet it has made and evaluate five images or scenarios of the future. This essay concludes with the image of the future help us better understand and change today? Who are the losers and winners in any particular articulation of time?The futures perspective is economic, international and social events and the choices made by actors that make ake these discrete events intelligible, such as core-periphery, urban-ru ral, gender, Unfortunately, most efforts to understand the future remain in the predictive mode. It is often asked, what and when will a particular event occur and how can we profit claim to excellent this task. Our efforts here–sensitive to the richness of reality and future, as might be available in a five year plan, rather we enter into a discussion of ahead not to reify social reality. Our goal is insight not prediction. As an initial caveat,

Health promotion Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health promotion - Term Paper Example The authors have defined health promotion within the literature review. It should be noted that the definition has not been discussed in the research paper but it rather undertakes a practical implication of the definition of health promotion (Brunero & Lamont, 2011). The working definition of health promotion in this study is that it is a process of providing individuals with ways in which they can effectively undertake prevention and treatment of a disease which is already diagnosed (mainly because it is a suggestion for health promotion at a tertiary level. The authors of the study have marked that the main purpose of health promotion within the nursing field is to align the responsibilities and goals of nursing as well as health promotion. It is noted that there is an increased burden on the nurses which can only be normalized with the help of clinical supervision at a teaching level. This will help nurses provide better services for meeting the goals of health promotion. It shou ld be noted that the authors has suggested a clinical testing or screening method which will allow nurses to make their areas of service much responsible (Brunero & Lamont, 2011). In addition, another study entitled â€Å"Determining factors in evidence-based clinical practice among hospital and primary care nursing staff† conducted by Pedro et al. also recommends health promotion plan on a primary prevention level. According to the article, health promotion is rather defined as a process which allows nurses to provide healthcare facilities with the application of evidence-based clinical practice (Pedro-Go ´mez, Morales-Asencio, Veny, & Vives, 2011). The authors have suggested that the health promotion practice will not just allow the healthcare seekers but also the healthcare practitioners to practice healthcare facilities with efficient distribution. As a matter of fact, the health promotion will serve the purpose of allowing nurses to conduct evident-based

Career Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Career Management - Essay Example According to Kossek & Roberts, self-set managing activities mainly includes acquiring knowledge about one's personality, set of connections and appreciation on successfully completion of the assignments in the course of career development within an institution. (ELLEN ERNST KOSSEK, KAREN ROBERTS, 1998) On the other hand, "organizational career management" expresses the course of action adapted by the organizations to manage the careers of its workers. As per the theories of Stump, the Organizational career management is "actions and prospects that organizations support to help guarantee they will congregate or surpass their expected human resource necessities." (ELLEN ERNST KOSSEK, KAREN ROBERTS, 1998) Stumpf also reveals in his theory that the career corridors, worker education & development, employment postings, vocation therapies, outplacement psychotherapies and mentoring are merely few measures that are usually implemented in organizational career management agendas. (STUMPF, S.A., 1988) Loads of scholars have cited the work of Arnold (1997) who in his theories had explained career management as an endeavor to influence the career development of others. ... (ARNOLD, John, 1997) There has been occurrence of elementary shifts in the management of careers however, while previously careers were managed by the organizations by way of conventional and secure progress upwards on organizationally-defined ladders on the other hand the present-day arrangement of career management focuses on attaining knowledge and proficiencies as an alternative of making headway through a preset sequence of positions. (THITE, Mohan, 2001) Acquirement of novel acquaintance and talents increase the chances of "employability," i.e. the capability for the member of staff to achieve and sustain employment, facilitating the worker to budge around what Thite had referred to as a "jungle gym" of designations. (CLARKE, Marilyn, 2007) This novel conceptual framework of career management constitutes diverse meaning for mutually, the individual and the organization, getting forward to a dual way approach towards "career management, individual career management and organizational career manageme nt." (BARUCH, Y., 2006) This paper hereby evaluates the significance of career Management as an essential component of Human Resource activities from the joint perception of the organization as well as individual employees. This paper also highlights the obstructions that are usually encountered by HR professionals in implementing the career management program in an organization in addition with the measures that could be implemented to evade these barricades. This paper provides brief opinions of a number of researchers and authors on the topic. 2. Significance of Career Management The incorporation of the career management practice in HRM permits the shifting from a scheme of administration

Coursework on HgbA1C control diabetes Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

On HgbA1C control diabetes - Coursework Example The infrequent laboratory blood glucose may be the most common use of these tools If the value of HbA1c is adequate, clinicians rely on the therapy without much questioning. The most authentic assays of HbA1c are those performed in a high quality clinical laboratory, one standardized to the National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program (NGSP) The intake of food which contains a relatively high level of glucose results into increase glucose concentration in the blood. The level of HbA1c increases. In this way, the chances of catching diabetes increases. Diabetic patients get enveloped in major diseases which include heart attack, blockage in vein, and many other micro-vascular diseases. A person without diabetes will have a haemoglobin A1c test of around 5%. The A1c level should be less than 7% in a health human. Level above 8% is dangerous and needs to be medicated. The HbA1c has some targets which need to be met in order to decide whether the person has a high or low level of glucose concentration in the blood. The targets as are follow; People are recommended to measure their glucose level constantly. This test involves a small volume of blood and can be performed at home or in a doctor’s office. The sample of blood tested is taken to lab which is later presented to the doctor. Home testing is also done easily though a few professionals consider it less accurate. However, home testing is inexpensive so is widely common. (Gilles,

CRJ311 Week 2 journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRJ311 Week 2 journal - Essay Example These nurses pose a unique quality of understanding the physical, emotional and mental pain that the assaulted individuals go through and help obtain their justice in the judiciary. An excellent SANE employee poses a good characteristic of listening and understanding of the clients. Many a time, individuals like to be listened to while stating their predicament to the helping hand because it offers a psychological therapy in the end. Empathy is very imperative while dealing with the sexually assaulted victims since it makes the care provider try to feel the torments faced by the victim (Campbell et al., 2007). Critical thinking is one of the forensic qualities that an individual should poses while handling any forensic case. This is because it helps an individual think broadly to obtain the cause, hidden evidence and any other leads that can help in prosecuting the case. In essence, all the forensic personnel in all the fields should possess the ability of in depth reasoning as this helps in logical analysis of assaults (Du Mont & Parnis, 2003). One major quality I can borrow from SANE is their way of trying to identify what may have compelled the accused to perform a sexual assault. In most traditional forensic investigations, the investigators are usually interested to know and proof who did the act, but not the reason an individual did it. Therefore, looking at the circumstances that led to the accused to do the act can help in preparing preventive mechanism to alleviate such barbaric acts. Campbell, R., Long, S. M., Townsend, S. M., Kinnison, K. E., Pulley, E. M., Adames, S. B., & Wasco, S. M. (2007). Sexual assault nurse examiners’ experiences providing expert witness court testimony. Journal of Forensic Nursing, 3,

Landscape regeneration project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Landscape regeneration project - Essay Example The broader objective of the urban regeneration project was to change people's attitudes towards the environment by increasing their awareness of environmental problems and ways to overcome them. Physical improvements and environmental protection measures were designed to complement and facilitate leisure, training, and social activities on the grounds of the Park. The Park's development was based on a well-integrated Master Plan. The Urban Pilot Project focused on the first stage, which developed an area of about 0.7 km. The Project was implemented from January 1991 to June 1995. The planned cost amounted to 7.68 MECU, 75% of which comprised co-financing from the European Regional Development. The aim of the project was to address the poor quality of the environment and the economic and social blight. This project combines a scheme which would have an immediate impact on the quality of life of the local inhabitants, but which would also be of a broader benefit in terms of increasing the environmental awareness of the general public. The objectives of the Queen's Tower Park project were: to improve the quality of the environment in West Athens : a.) to develop leisure and sports facilities; b.) to increase the public's environmental awareness; c.) to spread the benefits of economic growth to local communities; d.) to unite members of immigrant minorities into the community's; e.) to push local authorities to develop a more integrated approach to their problems; f.) to foster trade activities to support the Park; g.) to preserve historic buildings within the Park's boundaries. DISCUSSION OF THE QUOTATION AND THE EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION The Athens Urban Regeneration Program mirrors the key themes of the Olwig quotation, "Architects who think only in terms of the power of scenic space, ignoring the exigencies of community and place, run the risk of producing landscapes of social inequality like those of the great eighteenth-century British estates It is also possible, however, for architects to shape environments that foster the desire to maintain the continuities that maintain a collective sense of commonwealth, rooted in custom but open to change." (Olwig, 2002).This quotation is applicable to the Athens Project since the architectural developments in that area focused on fostering close interaction among communities and uplifting their socio-economic welfare through well-paved roads, telecommunication facilities and other infrastructure upgrading system.The Athens Urban Pilot Project aimed to tackle environmental and social problems in West Athens. Prior to this development, this city district has been affected b y rapid urbanization which, coupled with a lack of planned urban development, has led to a series of social and environmental problems. The district had no social amenities, inadequate social, educational, leisure and welfare facilities, and the absence of accessible green open space. Moreover, economic conditions became difficult. The decline in manufacturing employment in Western Athens led to high unemployment to the region, with a large proportion of the population on a low income. The area is filled with immigrants who transferred in the 1950s and 1960s.Graham et.al., (2000) argued that heritage exists simultaneously as an economic commodity. The economic functions of heritage have generally been presented as secondary and barely tolerated uses of monuments, sites and places, which have

Public health Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Public health - Assignment Example Due to the serious repercussions of the false accusations, drug testing should only be used when positive results signify compelling proof o use of drug (U.S. News and World Reports, 1996). When those who do not use are falsely accused, this might lead to stigmatization for offenses that they are clean or free of. In addition, false accusations may lead to the loss of good and bright students. In resolving the moral dilemma, it will be important that ways are found of balancing these critical values. It is argued by critics of programs of drug testing that students have a fundamental right to privacy (OKeefe, 2000). It is frequently claimed that drug tests that are conducted in a proper way are very correct, and proof of use of drug that are provided by the tests is thus credible. The main concern of several critics of drug testing in schools that innocent students will be seriously affected appears to be irrational if appropriate confirmatory tests are carried out. Ethical dilemmas in the issue of vaccination include; for instance, we find that in an attempt to ensure that the greatest number of people is protected; regulations of public vaccine might violate individual liberty and freedom. Tension ensues when people want to exercise their conjugal rights in protecting themselves together with their children by not accepting vaccination, if they refuse present safety or medical evidence, or even if their ideological beliefs are seriously against vaccination. Vaccines are really responsible for most successes of global public health, like the eradication of measles and substantial reductions in some other serious infections such as smallpox and polio. However, vaccinations have for long time been the subject of different ethical controversies. Ethical discussions and objections to institutions and some other mandates come up because some people and communities

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy - President's Doctrine Assignment

The Cold War and U.S. Diplomacy - President's Doctrine - Assignment Example Without the support of Great Britain, neither Greece nor Turkey could survive the Soviet attack. Policy makers in the U.S were aware of the instability in this region and feared that if Turkey gave in to the pressures from the Soviets, Greece’s position will be threatened and that Turkey itself would not survive for long in the event that Greece succumbs to communism. The strategic importance of the stability Greece and Turkey to the U.S cannot be undermined since their fall would mean geographically strengthening of the Soviet Union’s ability to end friendly supply chains in times of war. According to the U.S Undersecretary of state Dean Acheson, the U.S had more at stake if either Greece or Turkey was to fall. The spread of communism would be far and wide reaching as far as India to the east and Iran to the south. Such fears are what influenced Truman’s administration to redefine American Foreign policy (McGhee, 2006). Discussion The withdrawal of Great Britain ’s financial aid to both Greece and Turkey, the suspected interference of Soviet in Turkish and Greek affairs and the dwindling relationship between the U.S and the Soviet Union is what influenced President Truman’s administration decision of reorienting the U.S foreign policy. ... This then came to be known as the â€Å"Truman’s Doctrine† and was subsequently adopted by the Congress and is what shaped Americas foreign policy (Merrill, 2006). Truman considered a Communist victory in Greece to not only undermine the political stability in Turkey but would also endanger the political stability in the Middle East. He argued that the U.S national security depended not only on its territorial security but also on the containment of the Soviet authoritarianism forcible expansion into independent, free nations. The United States reoriented foreign policy based on Truman’s doctrine now meant that it would actively help in preserving the political independence and integrity of â€Å"free people’s† as far such assistance was in the best interest of the U.S. According to Truman, the U.S needed to avail$400 million worth of assistance to both the Turkish and Greek Governments and help in the sending of equipment, U.Smilitary and civilian personnel to the region. This doctrine was the first among several containment measures of dealing with domino effect of communism (Merrill, 2006). The U.S government then embarked on restoring the economies of Western Europe countries as a communism containment measure. To do this, the â€Å"Marshall Plan†also known as Economic Cooperation Actwas established on June 5, 1947 and became operational in April 1948. Through this plan, the U.S was to give financial aid to assist in the reconstruction of the war-torn regions and help in industrial modernization. The Marshal plan was a huge success and was replaced in 1951 by the â€Å"Mutual Security Plan†. The U.S policy makers were knew that nations across Europe could

Song Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Song - Essay Example nnot incorporate imaginative lyrics into their songs that seek to engage the listener with innovative and interesting ways to tackle a very limited subject matter; a subject matter that is almost invariably dealing with love and/or loss. As a means of understanding one current highly successful song that is currently experiencing a great deal of radio airtime, this particular analysis will consider Rihanna’s single â€Å"Diamonds† within the context of its use of simile, metaphor, and symbolism. As a function of understanding the ways in which these literary devices are utilized within the given song, it is the hope of this author that a new level of appreciation for the means by which songwriters seek to engage the listener with new and exciting means of describing something that has been relayed an infinite number of times before will be realized. With regards to simile within the given song in question, the very first lines of the song state: â€Å"Shine bright like a diamond† (Rihanna 1). In this way, the immediate use of simile is utilized as a way to engage the listener with the powerful imagery of a glistening diamond as reflective of the way that new love glistens and seems as something wholly and entirely unique within the realm of human experience (Gabrielsson 15). Of course the simile in this particular instance acts as more than just as simile, it provides a degree of symbolism in helping to represent the embodiment of love within the song as something akin to a rare and precious stone that radiantly proclaims itself wherever it exists. Further examples of simile in the song exist within the repeated lines â€Å"We’re like diamonds in the sky† (Rihanna 1). Such a use of simile reinforces the idea of comparison to the richness of the love that the songwriter attempts to convey to the listener (Pa lmer 39). In much the same manner metaphor is used as well within the line â€Å"You’re a shooting star I see† (Rihanna 1). Naturally, such an

Doctrine of Judicial Precedent Essay Example for Free

Doctrine of Judicial Precedent Essay Introduction Statutes and case law are two significant sources of the UK law. In the convention of common law, the law applied to a case is decided through judicial precedent and statutory interpretation. There can be effectiveness of judicial precedent and statutory interpretation in separation as well as when they are combined in the development of law. To what extend can a judge develop the law through the operation of doctrine of judicial precedent and application to the rules of statutory interpretation will be discussed in this assignment. In the first place, this assignment will give an introduction to judicial precedent and statutory interpretation. In the second place, how can judicial precedent and statutory interpretation develop the law will be analysed and evaluated. Eventually, the conclusion of this assignment will be given. Judicial precedent, a procedure whereby judges follow previous case with sufficiently similar facts, regulates case law, which is crucial to protect law stability. As MacCormick said: â€Å"to understand case law†¦ is to understand how it is that particular decisions by particular judges concerning particular parties to particular cases can be used in the construction of general rules applying to the actions and transactions of persons at large.† (James, 2010) Judicial precedent applies to the doctrine of stare decisis. That is to not disturb the decisions that are settled. For instance, through the stare decisis, the House of Lords held that the manufacturers owed a duty of care to their ultimate consumers of their goods in the case of Donoghue v Stevenson (1932), creating a binding precedent followed in Grant v Australian Knitting Mills (1936) in respects of duty of care and neighbor principle. The binding precedent is a legal principle formed by the ratio decidendi, the reason for the decision. This means that the ratio decidendi must be followed with the recognition of the legal reason for the decision in the previous case (Jacqueline, 2010). The remainder of a judgment is Obiter dicta. It is a statement made by the way, which though is not binding but can be persuasive in the future cases. Statutory interpretation is the process of how the statutes interpreted and applied by a judge. There are four approaches developed to deal with the task of interpretation, including literal rule, golden rule, mischief rule and purposive rule. When literal rule is applied, the words in the statutes are given their dictionary, original or everyday meaning, with the respect to the will of Parliament. For instance, in Whitley v Chappell (1868), with the application to literal rule, the court held that the defendant was not guilty since a dead person is not, in the literal meaning of the word, ‘entitled to vote’. Golden rule was defined in Grey v. Pearson4 (1857), â€Å"the ordinary sense of the words is to be adhered to, unless it would lead to absurdity, when the ordinary sense may be modified to avoid the absurdity but no further.† One of the illustrated cases is Re Sigsworth (1935). A son murdered his mother entitled to nothing since the court applied golden rule to modification to prevent repugnancy and absurdity. Instead of determining what the Parliament said, the Mischief rule is applied to what Parliament meant. The Mischief rule was applied in Smith v Hughes (1871). Lord Parker CJ held that the activities of prostitution were in a â€Å"street or public place† for the intension of the Act to prevent the mischief of the impact of solicitation on the passers by. With a wider application, purposive rule is aimed to give promotion to the general legislative purpose emphasizing the provisions. Lord Denning stated â€Å"we sit here to find out the intention of Parliament and of ministers and carry it out, and we do this better by filling in the gaps and making sense of the enactment by opening it up to destructive analysis†. In Cutter v Eagle Star (1998), instead of literal rule, purposive rule is applied, holding that car park was a road, which underlies the Road Traffic Act (1988). Also, a purposive approach is now often applicable as a result of European Law. (James, 2010) Examples and evaluations of development The judicial precedent is regarded as the backbone of the common law whereas approaches of statutory interpretation have developed as significant tools in interpreting the statutes. Furthermore, there has been a notable synergy between judicial precedent and statutory interpretation in the development of law. First of all, the development of law can be achieved by applying a suitable decision from previous cases with similar materials. In the case of Shaw v DPP (1962) the House of Lords held that a crime of conspiracy to corrupt public morals existed. The conspiracy to corrupt public morals consisted of an agreement to corrupt public morals by means of the magazine, and the defendants had been rightly convicted. This was followed in Knuller v DPP (1973), being held that an agreement to publish adverts to facilitate the commission of homosexual acts between adult males in private was a conspiracy to corrupt public morals (E- lawresources, N/D). Therefore, with the application to doctrine of judicial precedent, the decision in a previous case can be applied to similar cases in the future, which then can contribute to the development of law in terms of quantity, certainty and stability. In addition, since consistent decisions are provided, the law is more possible to ensure fairness, and the citizens can be more willing to trust the law with confidence of being treated fairly. On the other hand, it is said that the doctrine of judicial precedent can be too rigid, as there seems to be a tendency that the binding precedent will be strictly applied in the decisions of cases. Also, since there are no uniform cases, the operation of the doctrine of judicial precedent may lead to a certain degree of injustice, leaving limited space for the development of law. However, the rigidity of judicial precedent can be avoided in practice through the exceptions of decisions including application of overrule and distinguishing (James, 2010). As Posner (1990) claimed: â€Å" judges follow the previous decisions of their court when they agree with them or when they deem legal stability more important in the circumstances than getting the law right. But a precedents analogical significance means simply that the precedent contains information relevant to the decision of the present case.† (Richard, 1990) Despite following the precedent strictly, judges are able to change the decisions in cooperation with facts. The Practice Statement was made by Lord Gardiner in1966, allowing the House of Lord to change its previous decision when it appears â€Å"right to do so† in an attempt to achieve justice (Jacqueline, 2010). To illustrate, in Miliangos v George Frank (Textile) Ltd (1976), the House of Lord overruled Re United Railways. In the case of Re United Railways (1961), it had been held that all debts were to be paid in sterling in an English civil case. In the case of Miliangos v George Frank (Textile) Ltd, the House of Lords held that damages could be awarded in any other foreign currency in the contract, due to the changes in conditions of foreign exchange (Vaughan, 2010). This was stated as â€Å" the existing reason ceased now for a rule† by Lord Denning (Michael, 2004). Distinguishing is another technique used by judges in order to avoid a previous binding decision that may cause inconvenient or unsuitable results. The case Balfour v Balfour (1919) is often cited in conjunction with Merritt v Merritt (1970) by way of illustration of how distinguishing works. In both of the cases, a wife sued her husband for breach of contract. In Balfour v Balfour, based on the fact that the parties had not yet been divorced when the agreement was formed, the court held that there was no enforceable agreement, owing to a rebuttable presumption against intention to create a legally domestic agreement. In the case of Merritt v Merritt, however, the claim was successful. The court was able to distinguish the material difference between two cases. Lord Denning stated that â€Å"When †¦ husband and wife, at arm’s length, decide to separate and the husband promises to pay a sum as maintenance to the wife during the separation, the court does, as a rule, impute to them an intention to create legal relations.† (Zander, 2004) As a result, the appeal from the husband in this case was dismissed. The exceptions of decisions enable the judges to be more flexible in relation of following or refusing earlier decisions from similar cases, which seems to extend the power of the law lords to create law and the space for the development of law. However, it may decrease the level of law certainty and predictability. Regardless of the role statutory interpretation plays in helping judges deal with the task of interpreting statutes, the application and development among the four rules of statutory interpretation can promote law to adapt to changing needs. In practice, judges are continually applying the existing rules to new fact situations and thus being able to keep pace with the changes of society. Firstly, approaches to statutory interpretation can attribute to the creativity and flexibility of law. Applying purposive rule, the court of the case of Royal College of Nursing v DHSS (1981) held that the Abortion Act 1967 aimed at preventing the mischief of ‘back-street abortions’ where no medical care was provided. Therefore, with the advancement of medical technology, abortion became legal to be administered by nurses. (James, 2010) In addition, rules of statutory interpretation can ensure the willing of Parliament. Judges cannot make law, which is the role of Parliament, however, they can and do try to give effect to Parliament’s intentions by using statutory interpretation. For instance, in the case of R v Registrar General ex parte Smith (1991), purposive rule was applied instead of literal rule due to the fact that the applicant was confirmed to be dangerous to his natural mother by a psychiatrist and ‘Parliament could never have intended to promote such serious crime.’ Consequently, the applicant was failed to obtain his birth certificate (Jacqueline, 2010). Approaches to statutory interpretation provide opportunities for judges to apply to different rules flexibly based upon the facts and the intention of Parliament. However, increases of flexibility and creativity of law may cause decreases of certainty and consistency. Last but not least, as two major aspects of the UK law, the interrelationship of the doctrine of judicial precedent and the rules of statutory interpretation are significant to the development of law. For example, in Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots Ltd (1953), there is a technical legal meaning of â€Å"offer for sale†. With the application to literal rule, the display of goods in a store shelf was held as an invitation to treat but not an offer to sell. This decision was followed in Fisher v Bell (1961). The court held that the display of product in a shop window was an invitation to treat and thus there was no violation of the Act. (James, 2010) Conclusion As a consequence, with doctrine of judicial precedent, previous cases can be applied to cases with similar facts in the future, whereas with statutory interpretation, different decisions can be made with choices of different rules depending on different facts. The synergy between these two aspects produces certainty, elasticity and appropriate space for the gradual development of law. In conclusion, although a degree of rigidity and instability might occur in the progress of law development. Judicial precedent and statutory interpretation in combination can attribute to an increased level of certainty, consistency, flexibility, and elasticity of the law, creating an appropriate space for a gradual development of law. Bibliography: 1.James, H., 2010, Learning Legal Rules 2.Jacqueline, M., 2010, Unlocking The English Legal System 3.E-lawresources, N/D, [Internet] Available from http://www.e-lawresources.co.uk [Accessed 11 /11/ 2012]†¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¬ 4.Richard, A, P., 1990, The Problems of Jurisprudence 5.Vaughan, B., 2010, Foreign Currency Claims in the Conflict of Laws 6. Michael, Z., 2004, The Law-Making Process

The nurse midwife role in facilitating successful breastfeeding

The nurse midwife role in facilitating successful breastfeeding Introduction Breastfeeding has been viewed as the healthiest approach of feeding. A wide range of literatures have supported this opinion (Acheson, 1998). Since breastfeeding is helpful to promote babies health and is generally considered as a professional issue, mothers require professional support for appropriate breastfeeding (Riordan, 2005). One of the primary responsibilities of nurses/midwives is to promote the health of babies (Riordan, 2005). Thus, it is required for them master the skills to support the initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. The aim of this essay is to investigate the role of nurse/midwife in facilitating successful breastfeeding. Firstly, approaches to support the initiation of breast feeding in the postnatal period will be studied and discussed. Secondly, methods than can be adopted to support the continuation of breast feeding in the first six months will be discussed. And thirdly, the role of the midwife/ nurse in facilitating breast feeding will be concluded. Approaches to support the initiation of breast feeding in the postnatal period All mothers own the right to decide the way to feed their babies. Thus, breastfeeding should be provided as an informed choice for them (Registered Nurses Association of Ontario, 2003). Nurses and midwives play the role to provide concise and clear information to all mothers in the antenatal period. They should not discriminate any women due to their choice of the approach of infant feeding but offer fully support for them when making that choice. To ensure that the potential health risks of formula feeding and the benefits of breastfeeding can be conveyed to and understood by pregnant women, discussion about infant feeding between nurse/midwife and pregnant woman can be conducted on the one to one basis (Tayside Breastfeeding Policy Group, 2007). In this kind of discussion, nurse/midwife should explain the physiology of breastfeeding to all pregnant women simply and clearly. This is helpful to reduce common problems such as misunderstanding of breastfeeding and to cultivate pregnant womens confidence in the ability to breastfeed. Besides, written information such as documents on the antennal feeding checklist can also be printed and offered to pregnant women. No matter which feeding method is about to take, early skin-to-skin contact between mothers and babies should be encouraged. Once pregnant women decided to take breastfeeding, they should be encouraged to offer the first breastfeed as soon as possible. Early experiences indicated that early opportunity to suckle and skin-to-skin contact contribute to improved breastfeeding outcome (Tayside Breastfeeding Policy Group, 2007). Nurse/midwife should provide help if it is required. The infant should be left with the mother continuously after birth. When mothers give first breastfeed, nurse/midwife should show them the appropriate gestures for feeding, such as how to support babys head, shoulders and neck (MDPH, 2008). Besides, it is essential for mothers to have proper latch for milk production and transfer and to reduce possible pain. Nurse/midwife should also provide explanations to this point (MDPH, 2008). As to frequency and duration of breastfeeding, timed and scheduled feedings shoul d be discouraged. While frequent breastfeeding in the early stage of postnatal should be encouraged to build milk supply, for example, at the 8 to 12 time of feeding should be provided at 24 hours (MDPH, 2008). Baby-led feeding should be encouraged. Breastfeeding should be provided according to infants interests. Unnecessary introduction of supplements such as formula and water and artificial nipples should be avoided. In order to maximize milk supply and increase the overall success of breastfeeding, mothers should be instructed to delay the introduction of formula and bottles during the first 3 to 4 weeks after delivery, which is a critical period for establishment of breastfeeding (MDPH, 2008). The continuation of breastfeeding in the first six months It was found that one of the major factors influencing mothers decision of the continuation of breastfeeding is the brevity of a postpartum hospitalization. Previous studies indicated that many mothers leave hospital before breastfeeding is well established (Morrow et al., 1999). Thus, the brevity of a postpartum hospitalization can directly impact the continuation of breastfeeding. Based on this consideration, mothers require more professional immediate and consistent assistance with breastfeeding. Thus, in order to support the continuation of breastfeeding, nurse/midwife play the role to ensure the breastfeeding is well established between mother and baby during the period of hospitalization. During the first six months of breastfeeding, nurse/midwife should try to provide sufficient information and support to enable the mothers to breastfeed exclusively. According to the review of Sikorski et al. (2001) concerning the approaches in facilitating breast feeding, they observed that the breastfeeding supported offered by professional health staff who are typically specialized in guiding breastfeeding such as nurse and midwife, can significantly increased exclusive breastfeeding to two months. In details, breastfeeding support interventions provided during both the antenatal and postnatal period were more supportive to increase both the rate and period of breastfeeding than interventions offered just during the postnatal period. Therefore, in order to increase the continuation of breast feeding in the first six months, supports from nurse/midwife should be provided since the antenatal period. According to the suggestions given by the World Health Organization (WHO) (1998), the use of pacifiers and artificial teats is associated with early cessation of breastfeeding. Previous studies also suggested that although pacifiers and artificial teats are safe to use, they can directly impact the continuation of breastfeeding in the first six months. Thus, nurse and midwife should encourage mothers to minimize the use or avoid the use of pacifiers and artificial teats. Besides, it was found by Jones (1994) that cupfed preterm infants when their mothers were not able to present and breastfeed were more likely to continue breastfeed than those were fed by bottles. This suggests that even in some medical conditions, bottle fed should be avoided in order to ensure that babies can be breastfeed afterward. The role of the midwife/ nurse in facilitating breastfeeding It is health care professionals responsibility to concerns over the babys health. Support of breastfeed has been viewed as the responsibility of midwife and nurse who directly contact with pregnant women and mothers with postnatal babies in their daily work. To facilitate breastfeeding, firstly, nurse and midwife play an important role in advocating for breastfeeding friendly environments (RNAO, 2003). Their role in this aspect includes advocating for supportive facilities and systems. For example, it was suggested by RNAO (2003) that public breastfeeding areas, mother and baby areas for breastfeeding, day-care facilities, and 24-hour help for mothers with difficulties in breastfeeding should be included. Then, community based supportive activities for breastfeeding can also be integrated into their role. For example, it was suggested by Canadian Institute of Child Health (1996) that nurse and midwife can encourage and help parents to find and join in a supportive community breastfee ding network. Educations can be provided to couples during the age for childbearing. This is helpful to assist them to make informed decisions relating to breastfeeding. Secondly, nurses and midwifes are responsible to convey new research evidence to the parents to guide the breastfeeding (RNAO, 2003). Nurses and midwifes have more information access about health promotion than the common individuals. And the new health research findings may help the mothers to breastfeed in a better way. For example, it was recommended by the WHO (2000) that exclusive breastfeeding during the first six months; with introduction of other supplementary food later on with continued breastfeeding up two years is a suitable approach for breastfeeding. It is necessary for nurses and midwives to communicate this new evidence to the pregnant women and mothers. However, to ensure nurses and midwifes can keep up with the latest evidence, education and training course for them is also necessary. Thirdly, nurses and midwives should be responsible for conducting comprehensive assessments for breastfeeding both prenatal and postnatal based on the condition of mother, baby and family (RNAO, 2003). This is helpful to facilitate the development of plan for breastfeeding and conduct correspondent interventions. For example, prenatal assessment can include attitude about breastfeeding, intent to breastfeed, access to support for breastfeeding and physical factor that may influence a womans ability to breastfeed. Conclusion To sum up, breastfeeding plays an important role to promote the health of babies. And the nurses and midwives role in promoting and facilitating breastfeeding. To support the initiation of breast feeding in the postnatal period, breastfeeding should be provided as an informed choice for them. Physiology of breastfeeding and its benefits should be explained to all pregnant women simply and clearly. Guidance during the initiation period should be provided by midwives and nurses to help mothers to establish breastfeeding with their babies. During the first six months, in order to support the continuation of breastfeeding, nurse/midwife need to ensure the breastfeeding is well established between mother and baby during the period of hospitalization and to help mothers established good habit of breastfeeding. Midwives and nurses roles in facilitating breastfeeding include advocating for breastfeeding friendly environments, to convey new research evidence to the parents to guide the breast feeding and to conduct comprehensive assessments for breastfeeding both prenatal and postnatal based on the condition of mother, baby and family.

Personal SWOT Analysis

Personal SWOT Analysis Introduction The process of creating my personal development plan (PDP) is a way to gain insight into where I am now and how to position myself to get to where I want to be. Having a PDP is more than having an ideal about a future job or career, it is about goal setting and creating a specific, measurable, realistic and time bound (SMART) road map about how to get there. Understanding the creation and use of PDPs is also, in itself, a useful skill to offer employers as personal development planning and objective setting are mainstays of human resource management in both the public and private sectors in the UK. At this time, my PDP is about getting me on the right track; while in the future achieving the identified objectives may well be necessary to achieve performance related pay and career progression. Commitment to the process of creating a workable PDP is therefore an important task. Where am I now? In terms of my performance on the degree so far, I have realised that I measure performance in a much broader sense than the grades that I have received in my coursework and examinations. Much of what I have learned at university so far has been about learning to manage time and commitments and ensure that I maximize the opportunities available to me. These opportunities include those afforded by my course, the university’s facilities, and also the opportunities that new friendships have brought. I have been pleased with my grades and consider myself to be on-track for a marketable 2:1; I have also received positive and helpful feedback from tutors. More pleasing has been the feeling of increased confidence in group situations with my peers that I have something to contribute and that I have the ability to influence and inspire others. This is particularly important to me as I do not simply aspire to a career in business but to achieve managerial and leadership responsibilitie s early in my career. From my SWOT analysis, the two things that I would identify as being critical to stop doing are spreading myself too thinly across too many interests and rushing onto the next project. The issue of spreading myself too thinly across a diverse range of extra curricular interests is important because, as stated, I have managerial and leadership ambitions. Membership of a wide array of groups and societies shows diversity of interests but it does not show depth and it is also hard to succeed in positions of responsibility within a group if you do not have the time to make a real commitment. The second issue, that of stopping rushing onto the next project is important for two key reasons. The first is that in rushing forward I have realized that I lose time to reflect, and reflection is critical in measuring project success or failure; secondly, in rushing forward, I can give a negative impression to peers that what I am doing now is less important than what I am going on to do[1]. In terms of what I plan to continue to do to maintain my performance, I have identified a good record of attendance at lectures and seminars and managing to keep up with the required reading. The primary reasons why I have identified these as critical factors would appear self-evident: I want to get value for money from my studies and to do this I need to attend lectures and seminars and ensure that I am sufficiently well prepared that I can follow lectures and contribute to seminars and tutorials. There is an additional factor too in that research has shown that attendance and success in coursework and examinations is positively correlated.[2] Brainstorming what I want to start doing brought up several items in my SWOT analysis. From this I have drawn out increasing employability by seeking internship and / or summer placement opportunities and also broadening my reading to develop a greater awareness of current affairs. I have identified the internship or placement as being critical as a successful placement would enable me to further fine tune my career plans in terms of sector sought and which aspects of business to focus on; it will also enhance my CV to future employers by showing that I was focused on my career before my final year. I have also identified broadening my reading as being critical as while I am passionate about business, research indicates that employers are seeking well-rounded candidates who are open minded and have an interest in the world around them[3]. Where am I going? My primary plan for what I hope to be doing within six months of graduating is to have successfully joined an established management training scheme. Having investigated the schemes available, I consider myself well-placed for those aimed at generalists, business specialists (operations / strategy), and also potentially schemes to develop future human resources managers. Given my broad interests in business, I would prefer a scheme that would give me exposure to a range of roles. I am particularly drawn to the MS Scheme, John Lewis Partnership Scheme, HMRC Talent Management Scheme, and also the NHS Graduate Management Training Scheme for these reasons. Given the prevailing economic climate and uncertainty about the health of the job market that I will be graduating into, I propose to a contingency plan of obtaining a place on an MSc Business programme. How do I get there? Action plan outlining three personal objectives for the next 12 months that will help me in my career. References Flannes, SW and G Levin (2005) Essential People Skills for Project Managers. Management Concepts. Stewart, J and V Knowles (2001) Graduate recruitment: implications for business and management courses in higher education. Journal of European Industrial Training, 25, 2-4, 98-108. Appendices Personal SWOT Analysis First Name last Name Contact address: House name, Any town, Postcode E-mail: [emailprotected] Â ¨ Mobile telephone: 00000 00000 Anytown High School Highlights of A/AS and GCSE results WORK Experience Dates Organisation and location Your Role Your Responsibilities and any special projects you were involved in or areas of the business that you found particularly interesting Skills developed during employment: time management skills, giving effective feedback, etc. How this job influenced your application for the type of work you are seeking with this CV. 1 Footnotes [1] Flannes and Levin (2005) highlight the need to show consistent commitment to projects throughout the project cycle rather than focusing on the next stage or next project. [2] See Colby (2004) [3] Stewart and Knowles (2001)

Characters Contribute to the Dramatic Effect of Alan Bennetts Talking Heads :: essays research papers

"Talking heads" by Alan Bennett is a collection of monologues in which the audience are showed into the life of a character and given an insight into the character's personality and situation. People's lives are portrayed in comic ways leaving the audience feeling sympathy and guilt for the character in laughing at their misfortune. In the play a Chip in the Sugar Alan Bennett shows us a life of a very unconfident man who still lives with his mum. Graham is a middle-aged man with a history of mild mental health problems, living with his mother in Leeds. He is an absolutely stereotypical Guardian reader he wears flares, avoids deodorant, is environmentally conscious, likes date and walnut bread, and is very anti-Thatcher. It is also hinted that he is a closet homosexual. His life is dramatically disrupted when his mother, who he is effectively "married" to, meets her old flame Frank Turnbull after 52 years. Turnbull is bigoted, right-wing, and racist the opposite of Graham but he is also well-dressed and well off. Graham's father presumably died in hospital Graham refers to doctors "wheeling him into the theatre". Graham becomes increasingly jealous as Mr Turnbull takes an ever-growing hold on Mrs Whittaker's life, to the extent he proposes marriage simultaneously suggesting Graham moves out of the house to a ho stel. But Mr Turnbull is hiding a secret, and when Graham finds out he gets the courage to confronts his mother with the information, restoring the status quo and his comfortable life but destroying her hopes of happiness in the process. It seems like Graham has been seriously traumatized as he will not leave his mothers sight which is very unhealthy for a 52 year old to be doing. This play is not only based on graham and his relationship with his mother but it is also based on the different emotions shown within the monologue such as fear which Graham shows a lot of as he is constantly scared for his mother so this causes him to treat her like a child. There is also much anger shown towards the man that his mother is in a relationship with not only because he doesn?t trust him ,but because he wants to be the only man in his mothers life as he has been sic kingly close with his mother since a being a young child and she is always saying to Graham ? Characters Contribute to the Dramatic Effect of Alan Bennett's Talking Heads :: essays research papers "Talking heads" by Alan Bennett is a collection of monologues in which the audience are showed into the life of a character and given an insight into the character's personality and situation. People's lives are portrayed in comic ways leaving the audience feeling sympathy and guilt for the character in laughing at their misfortune. In the play a Chip in the Sugar Alan Bennett shows us a life of a very unconfident man who still lives with his mum. Graham is a middle-aged man with a history of mild mental health problems, living with his mother in Leeds. He is an absolutely stereotypical Guardian reader he wears flares, avoids deodorant, is environmentally conscious, likes date and walnut bread, and is very anti-Thatcher. It is also hinted that he is a closet homosexual. His life is dramatically disrupted when his mother, who he is effectively "married" to, meets her old flame Frank Turnbull after 52 years. Turnbull is bigoted, right-wing, and racist the opposite of Graham but he is also well-dressed and well off. Graham's father presumably died in hospital Graham refers to doctors "wheeling him into the theatre". Graham becomes increasingly jealous as Mr Turnbull takes an ever-growing hold on Mrs Whittaker's life, to the extent he proposes marriage simultaneously suggesting Graham moves out of the house to a ho stel. But Mr Turnbull is hiding a secret, and when Graham finds out he gets the courage to confronts his mother with the information, restoring the status quo and his comfortable life but destroying her hopes of happiness in the process. It seems like Graham has been seriously traumatized as he will not leave his mothers sight which is very unhealthy for a 52 year old to be doing. This play is not only based on graham and his relationship with his mother but it is also based on the different emotions shown within the monologue such as fear which Graham shows a lot of as he is constantly scared for his mother so this causes him to treat her like a child. There is also much anger shown towards the man that his mother is in a relationship with not only because he doesn?t trust him ,but because he wants to be the only man in his mothers life as he has been sic kingly close with his mother since a being a young child and she is always saying to Graham ?

My Kitchen, My Sanctuary Essay -- Descriptive Essay About A Place

Have you ever been at home and still didn’t feel safe? Well, that’s how I felt in my own home sweet home. That was of course until I found a place to rest and relax in my hectic life- my home’s very own kitchen. Shortly after we moved in, the kitchen grew in to a sanctuary for me with every memory I’ve had in it. I think the kitchen is a relaxing place, is because for me it represents a place of symbolic, spiritual cleansing. The kitchen is usually dirty, and every few days I have to clean it. When that happens, I view the event as a representation of my own inner, spiritual state. When the kitchen is out of order, my life is chaotic. When the kitchen is clean, my life has order. The reasons it’s a sanctuary is because it’s my family’s meeting place, it’s my families back up plan, and it’s our emergency entrance / exit. My kitchen is no ordinary nor extraordinary kitchen- instead is it a corner of the house that I feel sa fe in. My kitchen at home is a sanctuary for me because it’s my family’s meeting place. When anyone in our house has something to announce, an important event is upcoming, or we have to discuss anything- it’s done at the kitchen table. The smell of my mom cooking something, or something she had cooked always welcomes us. One very important discussion we had was when I received my high school application. We all sat around the table and discussed what choices I should put for two hours. All that was done at the kitchen table, and it was one of the most wonderful experiences in our family. The whole time my mom had been preparing chicken noodle soup, and the smell satisfied us all- it would definitely be scrumptious. We also, had time to talk about what I wanted to do in my future- and I have never before been... ...auses all the stress of your life to melt away. Along with the dopamine produced directly by the food, your body also makes dopamine when you have successfully created a dish. You reached a goal, and your mind rewarded you for all your hard work. Not only is the kitchen a great place to relax because it has food, but it's also a place of quite introspection. I usually go there, even when I'm not hungry, just to walk around and look out the window. I think. It's a place where I can let all my thoughts come together and I can sort things out. I love the kitchen for so many reasons but to me I feel really safe. The reasons it’s a sanctuary for me is because it’s my family’s meeting place, it’s my families back up plan, and it’s our emergency entrance / exit. Everyone has a favorite place to be, a place where new innovations begin, and for me it’s the kitchen at home.

Jade Stadium Redevelopment (project management) Essay -- Business and

Jade Stadium Redevelopment (project management) Introduction The redevelopment of Jade Stadium, formally Lancaster Park, has been a project in development for a number of years. It is interesting to view the processes and changes in approaches to reach compromises, that have occurred in the lead up to this project especially with the stage the redevelopment is at now, (near completion). The emphasis placed upon planning and funding has had a huge impact to not only the time frame for completion of project but at a more basic stage of whether the redevelopment would even go ahead. The information used for this review dates back only as far as January 99, but even by that stage several years work had gone into pushing and lobbying for an improved, upgraded multi purpose stadium in Christchurch. Articles giving detail to the development process, the stages of development and the politics involved in the redevelopment of Jade Stadium are taken from January 20 1999, until the October 13 2000. The majority of articles are news items taken from Christchurch’s major newspaper, ‘The Christchurch Press’. Not all information present in the articles was relevant to the review topic of, the redevelopment of jade stadium, and so this is the reason for the use of several articles, to gain enough knowledge on the topic area. Temporary and Unique The jade stadium project is one of a temporary nature. Although it may be a long and drawn out process there is definitely a definite start (realisation of a need for a revamped stadium) and finish (completion of construction and closure). With respect to the jade stadium project, those dates have constantly changed. Originally set for an early 2000-start time, that date was changed several times until finally settled for October 2000 and estimated to take 18 months to complete. A deadline that they are currently on track to meet. Like any other project, Jade Stadiums redevelopment was a unique venture, not only in its actual design, ownership and the way in which the revenue to fund the project was produced but also in the actual use of the stadium. Being a rugby and cricket facility with ground breaking technology in the form of the new drop in pitches, an invention first tried by grounds staff two years ago. The stadium revamp unlike the new Wellington stadium will be done on the existi... ...point of view or side of the story, and that in general all articles relating to the redevelopment of jade stadium, held a more positive slant or position towards the development and the development team. The key points contained within the review begin with defining the uniqueness and temporary nature of a project and how jade stadium is a one off major project. The revenue provided to support such an expensive project comes from a wide and varying plane, with the use of a business plan one of the most important tools in the development of Jade Stadium. It can be noted that a great deal of importance was placed upon the planning phase in order to do it once and do it right. And that the project followed the basic project life cycle model. References Currie, S. (1999). The Jade Board. The Press, 20 January, 1996, p 34. McGoldrick, B. (2000). What about a total Jade upgrade? The Press, 26 August, 2000, p 10. Scanlon, G. (2000). $43m plea for Jade Stadium. The Press, 7 April, 2000, p 1. Tutty, K. (1999). Progress on stadium plans. The Press, 6 August, 1999, p 22. Tutty, K. (2000). Jade Stadium access settled for five years. The Press. 14 October, 2000.

Oedipus the King Essay

In Sophocles’ Oedipus the King, the themes of fate and free will are very strong throughout the play. Only one, however, brought about Oedipus’ downfall and death. Both points could be argued to great effect. In ancient Greece, fate was considered to be a rudimentary part of daily life. Every aspect of life depended and was based upon fate (Nagle 100). It is common belief to assume that mankind does indeed have free will and each individual can decide the outcome of his or her life. Fate and free will both decide the fate of Oedipus the King. Both sides of the argument can be greatly supported. The Greeks believed in the idea that personality of the individual greatly affected his or her life (Nagle 120). Their personality was what decides their own free will. A wise man will make good decisions in his life; an ignorant and stubborn man won’t be so fortunate. The character traits of a person have a certain positive or negative affect on the choices that he or she makes. For Oedipus, one of these attributes was the desire for knowledge and truth about his own existence. This driving force in the play led to the truth of his origin. This ties in with his own aspect of free will. His free will is based on his drive for knowledge. Throughout the entire play, Oedipus pushes Tiresias, Creon, Jocasta, the oracle, the messenger, and the shepherd for information regarding his beginnings. Each one of these characters in some way or form refused to give him a thorough answer. As he draws closer to the answer, another character tries to stop his journey. Oedipus continues moving onward even though others request he didn’t. â€Å"Oh no, listen to me, I beg you, don’t do this†¦. Listen to you? No more. I must know it all, see the truth at last † (Sophocles 195). His desire for truth kept pushing him to continue his search, ultimately leading to his downfall. The entire time Oedipus had the capability to discontinue the plight. However he made the independent decision to continue. Another instance where choices directly linked Oedipus to the prophecy was at the crossroads. Oedipus demonstrates an important trait in his character, stubbornness. This trait is visible when Oedipus reacted to the man pushing him aside at the crossroads. â€Å"the one shouldering me aside, the driver, I strike him in anger! †¦. I killed them all–every mother’s son! † (Sophocles 189). In ancient times when a caravan was coming down the road they usually pushed you to the side. Oedipus didn’t like this and flipped out, killing all of them. It was his stubbornness that caused this to happen. His personality led to the decision to kill the caravan and unknowingly, his father too. If he were a wise and content man, then his decision would have differed. When Oedipus defeated the Sphinx by solving the riddle, he could have refused to take the missing king’s throne. He could have also declined to marry the former king’s wife, unaware that the queen was his own mother. He accepted both of these without any regrets. If his decision was different it might have altered the course of events in the future. His personality made sure that the decisions went the way they did. These choices were made by Oedipus with his own free will, his own decisions. He didn’t have to accept these gifts, but did none the less. These conclusions would lead to his own demise, but they were his own mistakes, not fate. Free will can also be found in the actions of Jocasta and Laius. The choices they made were not made by their own judgement, but rather reactions to a situation that neither of them was prepared to deal with. Upon hearing the prophecy that foretold the future sins in their household; they made a harsh decision out of fear. They had little Oedipus sent to die at the foothills of a mountain. This reaction seems very cruel, but back in ancient times it was very natural. Being that an oracle foretold the prophecy, Jocasta and Laius responded as any Greek parents would. They solved the problem by removing Oedipus from the equation, but in the end their decision wasn’t the right one. This leaves the readers of the play to wonder what might have happened if Jocasta and Lauis never sent Oedipus to die as an infant. Would the prophecy still have taken place? It seems that it wouldn’t have, because Oedipus wouldn’t have engaged in the misled wandering after he left his adopted home. Oedipus would have had no reason to fulfill the prophecy, but that is another question that we don’t know. On the other hand, if Oedipus didn’t listen to the prophecy suggested to him in Corinth, he never would have returned to Thebes to carry out his destiny. All these instances can be looked at that free will was the deciding factor. Was it really? Fate can also be looked upon in every instance, equally a strong argument against free will. Oedipus’ desire for knowledge can also be looked at by the standpoint of fate. He was born with his own stubbornness. The Gods themselves made him that way and it can not be changed. No matter what his decisions were, their gift to him will lead to the path they gave him. He can’t escape the fate the Gods have given him. He kept pushing farther and father, but it just led to his downfall. Nothing he could have done would have stopped that. The prophets make this clear in their prophecies throughout the text. All the premonitions they say come true. They can’t be avoided because the Gods made you with your personality and it controls your life. Ultimately they control you. When Oedipus reaches the crossroads, it was fate that led to the events that took place. â€Å"Short work, by god-with one blow of the staff† (Sophocles 189). This quote reveals that the gods did play apart in the events that took place. Oedipus’ prophecy was to kill his own father. Unwillingly because of his stubbornness Oedipus struck down and did indeed kill his father. Because the gods gave him this trait, his fate was unavoidable. The traits of Oedipus would generate the right sequence of events that would eventually lead to his prophecy coming true. Oedipus’ personality was the cause of the events. His free will blended in with the fate given to him by the gods. All together it was fate that decided these actions. The prophecy given to Lauis and Jocasta is also another example of unavoidable fate. Even though it wasn’t there own choices to get rid of their son, their reaction to the prophecy set up the events for the future. If they never sent Oedipus to die at the mountainside, he most likely never would have killed Lauis at the crossroads. Their reaction was to a message given to them by the Gods. The Gods dictated what was going to happen. They told the prophet to give out the prophecy. Leading to the vanquishing of little Oedipus. All along every action leads to ones fate in life. The greatest show of fate in the text is when Oedipus gauges his eyes out with the golden clips. He does this in reaction to the events that take place. Oedipus was aware that he alone was responsible for his actions and gauged his own eyes out. That is the free will standpoint on the issue. Oedipus was at the same time not responsible for his actions. The gods controlled his personality and therefore controlled the outcome of his life. If Oedipus realized this he might not have taken his own sight. The gods use their power to provoke human’s free will. They were responsible for the demise of Oedipus, but in the same time convince the human that it was there fault. Free will and fate can be related to every aspect of Oedipus the King. The gods who control fate manipulate the thinking and concepts in human’s free will. Ultimately fate is what overcomes all. It may not seem like it, but free will was given to mankind by the gods or God. So in turn the gods decide the fate of everybody when they created man. It was already decided and can not be changed. One can still argue the position that free will is more dominant, but if you relate to creation and how the gods made man, fate overcomes. In Oedipus the King, Sophocles made it clear to his fellow Greeks that mankind has the ability, even with prophecies and oracles, to make choices free from influence of divine forces. He also shows that fate does play a part in human’s lives too. They tie into each other for a direct balance. Overall, fate is the divine power that controls free will and determines one’s life.

How to Avoid Miscommunication

How to avoid miss conversation Think before you speak. If you think close what you arrange before you speak, you claim the witness to organize your thoughts, rehearse your words, evaluate the situation, and not say aboutthing stupid. 1. - Speak up. If you dont voice your leads, you wont draw and quarter what you want. And say what you want clearly and aloud enough to hear. 3 - Be clear. have got the message as simple as possible. Dont ramble or go on to a lot of extra details. 4 -Avoid um, err, and you know what Im sayin. Sure, we all stammer sometimes while looking for the right words. merely if you slow down and be attentive about your speech, youll be cle ber. - Be polite. If youre interrupting opposite mass, being rude, and disrespectful, you will not run effectively anything but youre a jerk. 6 - Get his or her attention. If you dont have the other somebodys attention, you wont incur the message across. Get substance contact, make surely as shooting the other soulfulness is listening. Organize. If youre trying to communicate, you need to be sure the information gets to the person effectively. If youre planning an event, you need to give grand details, like place, time, and what lot need to bring. - Listen. If you dontlisten to the other person, you are likely to end up miscommunicating. best listening is often more important than whatever you say. 9 - Dont assume. This isthe close vernacularpresumption people tend to make.And it is the most disastrous one as well. Unless you say something, you usually cannot be entirely sure the other person knows what youre thinking, feeling, or whatever. - insure body language. Much of conference is non-verbal. make attention it can be genuinely important. - Give reminders. Check in with the person that they understood you, and know what they need. Even if that company is the most important thing on your calendar, it might not be for your friend. And people can be forgetful.If youre getting overrule at people beca white plague they arent putting your priorities on top, remember you need to take some responsibility12 Learn good communication skills. If you have the opportunity to take writing, English, public speaking, theatre, calculator programming, and world languages, these are all minute means to focus on communication skills tips * Eye contact can be uncomfortable. Try looking at the nosepiece of the persons nose. Youll have the same effect and get the same information. * Be sure you dont use sarcasm in chat, instant messaging, or e-mails without emoticons it can be taken solely the wrong way otherwise.

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Most people have experienced prejudice, stereotyping, or discrimination at some time in longer his or her life. There is no doubt social discrimination, prejudice, and bitter hostility still create serious problems and challenges, even in today’s apparently more and more individualized and â€Å"enlightened† society. This paper will discuss prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination in the context of personal social psychology; what the consequences of stereotyping and discrimination are; and strategies to improve attitudes, judgments, and behaviors.Social psychologists recognize prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination â€Å"by focusing on whether they involve feelings (affect), cognition, or behaviors.Its simpler to generate stereotypes theres a reliable and clearly clear attribute that may easily be recognized.Cognitive different schemas can cause stereotyping and contribute to prejudice. Stereotypes are beliefs about individuals involving how their membershi p in a particular group. These beliefs can be positive, negative, or unbiased.Stereotypes concerning gender, ethnicity, or profession is common in many societies.Both positive and negative stereotypes empty can have a negative impact on an person.

† (Feenstra, 6. 1 Prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination, sub para 1). Based on my own experiences in the social world, I can relate to all of these terms.The era in which I grew up ushered in the civil rights movement, anti-war protests, hippies, the Cuban missile crisis, wired and political and feminist activists.It may get down in birth.Social cognitive research suggests that outgroup discrimination logical and prejudice are a result of basic and functional cognitive processes such as categorization and stereotyping. â€Å"Our prejudice and stereotypes come not only from the way our systems process information great but also from the world around us. Societal origins of prejudice involve the norms in the world around us, the international competition that exists between groups, and the social inequalities that exist in the world.Ingroup favoritism leads to unequal surgical treatment of those we have categorized as in the outgroup.Nearly everyone knows about discri mination although not a great deal of folks speak about the serious problem of white discrimination.

This exemplifies a social psychological analysis, that is, how actual, imagined, or implied other people influence logical and individual’s stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. † (Fiske, 2000, P. 303).Categories help us deal with large small amounts of information.It does not necessarily end with wealth.4). Competition for resources can also create prejudice. how This competition could be economic interests, political or military advantage, or threats to the safety or status of the group.People can become angry if they feel that a rival group is taking resources or great prestige from their ingroup; and anger is a strong motive for prejudice (Feenstra, 2011).Its a major problem in everyday lifestyles.

â€Å"Research also indicates that when people experience a drop in self-esteem, they become more likely to express prejudice. An unfortunate implication of this research is that for some people, popular prejudice represents a way of maintaining their self-esteem. At the same time, the link between prejudice and self-esteem suggests a presidential hopeful message: it may be possible to reduce prejudice with something as such simple as a boost in self-esteem. † (Plous, n.Its seen in the film too.â€Å"Once stereotypes are learned—whether from the media, family members, direct experience, or elsewhere—they sometimes take on a life of their own and become â€Å"self-perpetuating stereotypes† (Skrypnek & Snyder, 1980). One way how this can happen is by people experiencing a stereotype threat that lowers their performance. Stereotypes best can also become self-perpetuating when stereotyped individuals are made to feel self-conscious or inadequate. † (Plous, n.Its in the quantity of such discrimination thats antilocution.

â€Å"The roots of prejudice are many and varied. Some of the deepest and most intensively studied roots include personality many factors such a right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation, cognitive factors such as the human tendency to first think categorically, motivational factors such as the need for self-esteem, and social factors such as uncharitable ingroup such attributions for outgroup behavior.Research on these factors suggests that prejudiced attitudes are not limited to a few pathological or misguided individuals; instead, prejudice is an outgrowth of normal human functioning, and all people what are susceptible to one extent or another. † (Plous, n.It can create prejudice.Contact can reduce prejudice when a number of such conditions are satisfied. Common goals, called superordinate goals, are particularly helpful in bringing groups in social conflict together. † (Feenstra, Ch. 6 Summary).Therefore, its very important to comprehend how to avoid and protect against stereotype creation.

People throughout the real world live with prejudice, stereotyping, discrimination, and the consequences of the resulting actions every day. There is no reasonable doubt social discrimination, prejudice, and hostility still create serious problems and challenges, even in today’s apparently more and more individualized and â€Å"enlightened† society.â€Å"Although we naturally form the categories that lead us to stereotypes, show discriminatory behavior toward those outside of our groups, and are part of societies that, intentionally or not, support prejudice and discrimination, we can still work hard to reduce prejudice, stereotypes, and discrimination through our interactions with others. † (Feenstra, Ch.Its possible to making process a lot of information about momentary encounters.Self-Fulfilling Prophecies. Retrieved from http://users. ox. ac.The behavior must be something thats realistic.

Bridgepoint Education, Inc. Fiske, S. T. (2000).Its necessary that youre in a position to immediate present your emotions.ubc. ca/~schaller/Psyc591Readings/Fiske2000. pdf Kabat-Zinn, J. (2010).Dont forget that prejudice is a result of attitude and discrimination is a effect of action.

& Wenzel, M. (1999). Social discrimination and tolerance of intergroup relations: Reactions to intergroup difference.Personality logical and Social Psychology Review, Vol.Another concept thats important in stereotypes understanding is illusionary correlations idea.uni-jena. de/ss2009/sozpsy_uj/86956663/content. nsf/Pages/F5C589829D5E0CA7C125759B003BFF87/$FILE/Mummendey%20Wenzel%201999. pdf Plous, S.The motives might be absolutely different.

Wesleyan University. Retrieved from http://sscholar. google. co.Someone with a disability can logical not just earn a disability disappear.Teachers and parents will need to inform children that its ok to be friends with woman or a guy whos different.Introduction people have a tendency toward different individuals around the world.

Child Observation Essay

I sight the instructor and what instructional system she single-valued function and the louver scholarly persons in her single outroom. Her students consisted of iii intravenous feeding girls and virtuoso boy from what was sh stimulate in the video. instructional possibility use The instructional hypothesis that was employ by the instructor was that of Vygotskys cognitive increase Theory. rendering of the lesson observe The instructor started unwrap with unmortgaged instruction manual inform the students that they would be doing nigh encyclopedism untried- do spoken communication. She started go forth communicate the students Where is complainer? she adopted up her firmness of purpose by manoeuvre the dissolvent. once the students were certain of the principal, they answered by saw that bellyacher was beneath the umbrella. The instructor cheered them on and gave despotic feedback at that incident that the baberen answered correctly. She so reiterated the question and the answer and had the students recite later on her. She wherefore occupyed unrivaled student in position to go and look at squawker, who would be her detain friend for the lesson, from chthonic the umbrella. Her recognise was sc aloneywag. The t individually(prenominal)er thusly told the nipperren that they would be reading almost new names that were in the expression niche. She once once again gather uped knave to be her enounce helper for that lesson.She gave the students carry expectations of the lesson. She told them that she would allege the develop, which she did by captivation it egress wholly offshoot indeed locution in in a gull, wassail t maven. She pick uped foliate to involve the prime(prenominal) ledger and hold it up for everyone to get. The peasantren and consequently recurrent the spell bulge of the first off develop, lungs, and hence they too give tongue to the tidings lightsomely . *I had to none, that knave did non spell off the battle cry lungs with the new(prenominal) students. She jobscript form of that mumbled the newsworthiness. * She, the instructor, make trustworthy to as well declare to the children to touch well-nigh at the banter card.The attached give voice paginate whiffed taboo of the jokescript cut was the say toilet table. The instructor again sculptural how to aver severally letter of the ledger and to separate the word. She had the students nonplus aft(prenominal) her the selfsame(prenominal) lease way. once more I sight how scallywag did not approximate the word corresponding the otherwise students. The instructor indeed proceeded to ask foliate to commit the word vanity on her chest so that everyone could hold back the word. Page did as she was told, signifying she knew what the word was. The instructor similarly at that sentence emphasize the fulfill Do. The instructor then had scall ywag pull out the simulacrum of the lungs from the word box and hindquarters it on her chest.The teacher then put away the students and ask them how do we use our lungs, and chivvy responses to happen upon if the children had whatever experience of the theme they were winning in. The children showed elan and efficiency to start preceding with the questioning. She asked what is in the lungs and one child answered air. The teacher made connections to the milieu by communicate the children what else is honest of air, and one child responded by answer a blow up. The teacher applauded and gave each child flattery when answering the questions.The teacher in any case show during this band of the lesson study as she precious to cognise that the children knew what they were expression as well. She had Squawker, her deliberate helper, to ask follow up questions to see if the students compass the inwardnesss or the system of the word lungs, and chest all of which e ach of the volt children responded with clear meaning of the text. The article of faith technique the teacher employ was in air with Lev Vygotskys possible action of cognitive teaching. Vygotskys supposition actively involves children in his or her own larn process. His surmise as well implies that acquire occurs in the beginning development.It was clear that the children had a ft companionship of the substance that the teacher taught them, she bonnie deepened their discretion of the real(a) and the vocabulary. Vygotskys surmisal in like manner implies that development is set by the childrens exercise from encyclopedism and fundamental interaction with their peers. This interaction with peers and adults play a slender procedure in their cognitive development. The teacher actively employed the children. She aid in their schooling by simulate the content, and she as well apply occasion play by allowing a trade animate being to be a range of the clas s as a helper.

Reading strategy Essay

The SQ3R dodge which stands for survey, point, basinvass, separate, and check up on. This vanadium footprint outline peck be compound into some(prenominal) atomic number 18as. educatees atomic number 50 hit the books to a wideer extent in effect by loving in the pre- indi ejectt, during- cultivation, and post- establishing move of this schema. in that location be volt scheme of adaptation to develop insure the poppycock. The system forbear survey, drumhead, analyze, severalise and revue. In survey, it strikes chapter titles, earlier paragraphs, gauzy face, italicized headings and digest paragraphs. interview includes frolic particle headings into questions start questions for which fool outs argon anticipate to be give in the passage. In demand end is to design the questions.In recite bidwise concede to termination question without referring to the school textual matter edition edition or nones. In limited survey includes r eexaminationing the somatic by see move of the text or notes to confirm roots.The SQ3R is neat authority to actively read operose material. It does not cry to crystalise it scholarly person enjoy or veritable(a) wish well the win exactly it hurry the scholar to interlingual rendition and ultimately, hear check up oning. with period and lend oneself hold this come on ample story acquirement to develop.These school-age childs chiffonier gain ground from employ the SQ3R because it requires them to explode their persuasion and brushup their judgement end-to-end their version.It to a fault helps students from postponement and hence cramming for tests since the cardinal tones requires them to review culture and ca-ca notes during their sign indication. Their notes from the sign discipline survive their larn guides. The SQ3R schema which stands for survey, question, read, recite, and review. This vanadium step schema muckle be integrat e into legion(predicate) areas. students can learn more effectively by savoury in the pre-reading, during-reading, and post-reading go of this dodging. thither are cinque strategy of reading to mitigate control the material.The strategy contain survey, question, read,recite and review. In survey, it contains chapter titles, forward paragraphs, overvaliant face, italicized headings and succinct paragraphs. marvel includes gaming department headings into questions moderate questions for which answers are evaluate to be free-base in the passage. In read purpose is to answer the questions. In recite alike endure to answer question without referring to the text or notes. In review includes reviewing the material by reading move of the text or notes to insist answers.The SQ3R is abundant expressive style to actively read herculean material.It does not see to it to make it student hunch or counterbalance like the surmount notwithstanding it alleviate the stu dent to reading and ultimately, memorizelearning. with eon and physical exercise rise up this speak to great get wind adroitness to develop.These students can do good from use the SQ3R because it requires them to oxygenise their view and review their instinct end-to-end their reading. It also helps students from postponement and consequently cramming for tests since the five steps requires them to review information and arrive at notes during their initial reading. Their notes from the initial reading convey their use up guides.