heart of darkness :: essays research papers

SettingsStory took place during the 19th century (1901).The characters in the story were wholly over the world in incompatible times of their lives.the main characterThe main character, Marlow, is a hard to convince man, paranoid man who tells lies although he says at the beginning that he lavt stand lies, full so he will be able to live without having to bear the weight of truth on his shoulders.He is an average man. He had a deep-set cheeks, a yellow complexion and a straight back as the story describes.additional charactersA lawyer the lawyer, described as the best of all fellows, is a good honest man who does only good things. He is remembered for his good virtues and he got rewarded for that and was given the opportunity to have the only cushion on deck.A director the director, also most responsible for the anchor, was a big strong man. He loves to socialize with the ship members.AssayIn the story summation Of Darkness, the main character makes a decision to go against hi s convictions by telling a lie about Kurtz1s death to the intended. After careful analysis of the situation, you can see that Marlow is justified in lying to the intended because the lie enables Marlow live the rest of his life without having to bear the weight of truth on his shoulders.Marlow comes to understand and to intromit Kurtz1s view of life. The things that Kurtz had both done and seen in his life were in fact horrible, but was something that Marlow was able to look past.He condemning mankind as a whole with this statement. . This is why Marlow keeps the words to himself. It allows him to preserve hope both in the intended, and more importantly in himself. In this story, the main character is faced with with a decision. He had the option to either tell the woman the actual final words of her loved one, or to make up new ones which she would find soothing. Marlow film the the latter of the two, but it was almost as though he was unable to tell her the truth.

Music Censorship is Not Needed Essay -- Argumentative Persuasive Essay

Music Censorship is Not Needed Marilyn Manson. Eminem. Limp Bizkit. Rammstein. All of these musical artists have been under fire in the past few geezerhood by government officials, the media, and inciteivist groups. Supposedly, their music conveys too carmine of a message. The sounds and words these artists have so carefully crafted have been tar breeded as the cause for violent acts, especially by young people. For example, Columbine shooters Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold idolized German industrial bands much(prenominal) as Rammstein and KMFDM, as well as American shock rocker, Marilyn Manson. The ordinary has been quick to blame these musicians for violence in the United States. People are calling for government regulations in the form of ratings, warnings, edited material, and even bans on such allegedly offensive music. But how far is too far? Should the government regulate what should rightfully be the responsibility - and the right - of parents or guardians? I t cannot be denied that at that place is an excess of violence in todays music. Eminem raps nearly spousal abuse and murder sprees, Marilyn Manson sings of anarchy, drugs, and atheism, and Limp Bizkit urges fans to break stuff. Some critics argue that fans will take these words severely, and act out on the urging of their beloved artists. However, if listeners arent mature enough to know the difference between the fictional world these lyrics invoke, and the reality that they personally live in, perchance they arent mature enough to listen to it. If a young person seriously believes in the message he or she hears, perhaps it is because the parents have not through a sound job of teaching the difference between fiction and reality, between right and wrong. Too man... ...or what it is - entertainment, and not be taken so seriously as people try to make it. Music, be it rap, alternative, country, or bubble gum pop, is merely another form of expression. If you dont like what you hear, dont want your children exposed to it, or are offended by it, just turn it off. Thousands of people have attended concerts by the most hated artists in America. Millions watch Marilyn Manson prance about in music videos. Yet, the general majority of the population is not inspired to murder innocent people. Teens that are depressed, troubled, or rejected and taunted by their peers need to get help before they let their warped sense of fantasy and reality mix too far. Dont deprive more mature listeners all because its something that frightens you. Music whitethorn be a huge influence, but it cannot be blamed for all of societys problems.

Physics of Snowboarding :: physics snowboard sport sports

In snowboard as in any other sport the athlete has to be thought process at all times, analyzing the situation that surrounds you, make split decisions, and even perform quick calculations in your head.Where this happens most in snowboarding is when the snowboarder is going to performs some type of aerial trick off of a jump. There are a lot of things that a snowboarder has to be aware of and be thinking about before he rushs the jump. How far do I need to go to make the landing? How fast do I need to be going when I hit the jump? If I am going to spin, how fast should I so that I can make it around in time? The list goes on and on.Some other factors that can come into play are snow conditions, the type of snowboard, and experience of the rider. Which are oftentimes more advanced topics, and way beyond the scope of what were worrying about here. What I am mainly going to be looking at are the basic characteristics of your average snowboard jump.So how much speed should I have to hit the jump with? Well to answer this question you first have to know how far you have to go to pee the landing of the jump so that you dont land in the flats and break you knees or go to far and break your back. If the jump that you need to clarify is 20 feet long you will have to be going at a certain speed. So, what is that speed? Well you can figure this out by knowing what angle you built the jump at, the height of the jump and the distance to the landing. It is fairly easy to find the velocity by using the equation for a trajectory.Now that you know how to find all of the correct parts of your jump to clear it successfully you can now add some difficulty and renewing to the trick by spinning while in the air. Since you know the distance and your velocity from before you can find out what your air time was. at one time you have all of that info you can use it to solve for what your angular velocity should be depending of how much you want to spin. That way you can make tr ustworthy that youll complete the spins in time to spot your landing and get ready for impact.

External Factors Affecting a Business Essay -- GCSE Business Marketing

External Factors Affecting a BusinessINTRODUCTIONEXTERNAL FACTORS AFFECTING THE COMPANYS BUSINESS AND PROSPECTSThere be many factors that affect the Companys business and the firmness of purposes of its operations, some of which are beyond the control of the Company. The following is a description of some of the important factors that may cause the unfeigned results of the Companys operations in future periods to differ materially from those currently expected or desired. OBJECTIVE The objective of this paper is to introduce the external factors affecting the jeans fabrication from a business view.1. GENERAL ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRY CONDITIONS Any general economic, business or industry conditions that cause customers or potential customers to reduce or delay their investments in the jeans industry could have a negative effect on the Companys strength and profitability. For example, a softening of demand for jeans ware may result in decreased revenues (or at least declining revenue g rowth rates) for jeans manufacturers in general and the Company in particular and may result in determine pressures for products that the Company sells. 2. COMPETITION The jeans industry is highly competitive. The intense competition inherent in the industry could result in the loss of customers or pricing pressures. 3. global ACTIVITIES The Companys future growth rates and success are in-part dependent on continued growth and success in international markets. As is...

Helping Children Handle Stress :: Stress in Children

Stress is a common emotion or state that is experienced at difficult or threatening times. This is oftentimes not attributed to electric razorren, however, and provide be even more detrimental to their mental and emotional state. High stress in children is both physically and psychologically harmful, which can affect behaviors and attitudes in the future.High stress can cause children to lag in academic settings and turn to detrimental social behaviors. This can even evanesce to heart disease, depression, and other serious complications later in life (Segal and Smith, 2014). Taking preventive measures or intervening early in childhood can greatly decrease these risk factors and consequences. High stress in children interacts with a variety of factors, including attachment style and biology of the developing brain. Based on the social learning theory, caregivers active role and community care programs are essential in the intervention and prevention of high stress in children. ba rroom and intervention of high stress in children is possible and necessary.There are many suggestions for parents on how to manage this. As mentioned above, the attachment style between the parent and child is crucial in how the child thinks and be fools. According toDozier and Cicchetti, interventions should concentrate on attachment styles in order to increase parental sensitivity, and responsiveness to foster more ascertain parent-child relationships and alter the childs inner working models (2003, 2005). This emphasizes the importance of a secure base for the child in order to be active in their environment but also feel comfortable and safe that they have someone to fall back on in times of stress or trauma (Book). It is also important to note that the caregiver is more likely to affect the attachment relationship than the child (Goodman, 2007).Parenting style also affects the environment of the child, especially on an emotional level. According to Baumrinds theory on parenti ng styles, parents should be high in responsiveness and demandingness (1973). The social learning theory supports this and parents should be awake(predicate) that they should use clear, consistent, non-hostile guidance and discipline technique (Fisher, Burraston, & Pears, 2005).A clear relationship has been seen with the responsiveness and attentiveness of a parent and the stress levels of a child. In a study done by Gunnar and Fisher, parents were tested for responsiveness and sensitivity to the child several times as the child aged. The children were later tested and found to have greater levels of cortisol, which is a hormone released in response to stress (2006).

Helping Children Handle Stress :: Stress in Children

Stress is a common emotion or state that is go through at difficult or threatening times. This is often not attributed to electric shaverren, however, and can be even more detrimental to their mental and emotional state. High air in children is both physically and psychologically harmful, which can affect behaviors and attitudes in the future.High stress can cause children to lag in academic settings and puzzle out to detrimental social behaviors. This can even lead to heart disease, depression, and other serious complications later in life (Segal and Smith, 2014). Taking preventive measures or intervene early in childhood can greatly decrease these risk factors and consequences. High stress in children interacts with a variety of factors, including attachment style and biota of the developing brain. Based on the social learning theory, caregivers active role and community care programs are essential in the disturbance and prevention of high stress in children.Prevention and int ervention of high stress in children is possible and necessary.There are many suggestions for parents on how to manage this. As mentioned above, the attachment style between the parent and child is crucial in how the child thinks and behaves. According toDozier and Cicchetti, interventions should concentrate on attachment styles in order to join on parental sensitivity, and responsiveness to foster more secure parent-child kindreds and alter the childs inner working models (2003, 2005). This emphasizes the importance of a secure base for the child in order to be active in their environment but also feel comfortable and safe that they have someone to fall plunk for on in times of stress or trauma (Book). It is also important to note that the caregiver is more likely to affect the attachment relationship than the child (Goodman, 2007).Parenting style also affects the environment of the child, particularly on an emotional level. According to Baumrinds theory on parenting styles, par ents should be high in responsiveness and demandingness (1973). The social learning theory supports this and parents should be aware that they should use clear, consistent, non-hostile guidance and discipline technique (Fisher, Burraston, & Pears, 2005).A clear relationship has been seen with the responsiveness and attentiveness of a parent and the stress levels of a child. In a study done by Gunnar and Fisher, parents were tested for responsiveness and sensitivity to the child several times as the child aged. The children were later tested and found to have greater levels of cortisol, which is a hormone released in response to stress (2006).

Marketing Management’s Ability to Develop Essay

Main Forces in the Organisations Macroenvironment Macroenvironment The larger societal forces that affect the whole microenvironment. The organisation and its microenvironment operate in a larg macroenvironment of forces that shape opportunities and bond threats to the organisation. The organisation must carefully watch and respond to these forces. The macro environment comprises of six main forces 1. Demographic Forces Demography is the study of human populations in basis size, density, location, age, sex, race, occupation and other statistics. The organisa my group discussed was McDonalds.The points we come up with involving demographic forces were- As Australia has an aging population McDonalds co better tailor products this. As Australia is and is becoming to a greater extent ofa multi cult society McDonalds need to be conscious(predicate) of the ethnic diversity in each region. 2. Economic Forces The economic environment consists of factors that affect consumer buying auth or and disbursal patterns. Markets require buying power a well as people. Total buying power depends on current income, prices, savings an credit. Marketers should be aware of major trends in income and changing consu spending patterns. A range of products to meet all levels of income would be advantageous especially considering the recent global financial crisis where consumer spending was dramatically reduced. 3. Natural Forces

Reflective paper on event management Essay

As per the course requirement, we have undergone the process of planning an out ramp(a) music result. While the whole process was a simulation, we could still witness the challenges and excitements that an eccentric manager faces in his/her c areer.At the first phase of the project, groups were formed following Belbins Theory (West, 2004). Belbin proposed a model that specifies the aspects of an singles personality, i.e. specialism and weakness that he/she shows in fashion order. According to the model, there are nine mathematical functions an item-by-item can play within a group. These roles are Plant, Resource investigator, Coordinator, Shaper, supervise evaluator, Team worker, Implementer, Completer finisher, and Specialist. I was chosen to play the role of Team worker within my group. My core responsibilities were to carry out the instructions given by the team up leader and cooperate with others on every stage of the event simulation planning.As we have experienced, t he planning of an event, especially an outside(a) music gig is a complex process. There are a number of factors that need to be considered along the way and the event itself has multifaceted impact on the society, environment, and culture. However, this experience was immensely valuable considering my event management as my future career choice as it has given me a better understanding just about the procedure and the historical life drill of an event really helped me to realize how to work in a team and synergize all the tasks with others that are needed to execute a melodious event successfully. However, as the course instructor promised us at the beginning of the course, I also came to realize that event management is pure fun.Planning an international musical event involves different aspects of the even including the financial planning, rules and regulations, possible impact on the local community, staff management, branding of the performers, sponsorship and so on.Different scholars attempted to set Event in different ways. Getz (1993) gave the minimalist definition of themed public celebration, which wasfurther elaborated by Douglas et al. (2001) as events are for people to come unitedly to celebrate, to demonstrate, to worship, to honour, to remember, to socialise. From this list of public purposes, events look like modern day rituals which were reflected by the definition given by McDonnell et al. (1999) where they argued that events are specific rituals or celebrations that are think and created to mark any special occasion. Goldblatt (1997) gave a much simpler definition as he said that an event is a unique moment in time celebrated with ceremony and ritual to satisfy specific needs.In my experience of working with this group, the first thing I realized about what an event is that an event is not just an occasion where people come together, get entertained and go back to home. An event is much more than that. An international music festival ha s the power to change a small, relatively unknown town in the corner of the country into one of the most celebrated destination. If planned and executed properly, a big event has the capabilities to transform a place and the lives of the people in the community. It is, unfortunately, equally true that same applies on the negative side if an event is poorly managed and executed.The planning and geological formation of an event requires the formation of a working team, as we were formed into teams. This team acted as a temporary organization where the role and responsibilities of each member were specified. According to Slack and Parent (2006), organizational framework or structure may have three dimensions_Formalisation_ refers to the degree to which the rules and regulations, strategies, and individual and team roles guide the activities of the team._Complexity_ the inner structure of the event management team with the hierarchy and authoritative system._Centralisation_ the degree to which an individual exercises his/her role as the decision shaper of the even management team.Since our project was a drill, while the two aspects of an event management organization were noticeable (Formalisation and Centralisation), the third element, Complexity was not strongly depict since the team was not very hierarchical. However, we followed the formal procedure and showed respect to the laws and regulations while we planned the event. In workition to that, we followed the policies mentioned during the course lectures to determine different aspects of the event much(prenominal) as financial planning, impact management, staff and volunteer management, environmental and political effect and so on.Event planning and management always requires team effort, regardless of the size or range of the event. Hence, there has to be a member of the team who plays the role of facilitator to guide the knowledge and resource sharing process. The facilitator is not scarce the team l eader. Bens (2000, p.7) asserted that facilitation is a way of providing leadership without taking the reigns. In our group, different members vie the role of facilitator at different stages.I observed the roles they played and learned how to disperse organizational knowledge for a better performing team. According to facilitation theory, attainment within a team occurs with the help of the facilitator, not barely by someone who provides knowledge to the group (Lambert and Glacken, 2005). My personal experience confirmed this theory since I have experienced that personal knowledge can add little value to a group unless it is fairly disseminated and discussed by the other members within the group.If I look back at my experience of the group work this entrust be my primary takeaway that I have learned the importance of facilitating ideas and knowledge among the group members and in future I will be aware of applying this knowledge in my career as an Event manager. Even if I dont en d up to be an event manager, this culture will help me to become better as a social being and as an individual. As an event manager, I will focus on the decentralisation of power and letting other assume responsibility and take the lead when necessary. It is sometimes better to play the labour and sometimes play the leader. military operation of a team is determined by the participation and effort given by each member. The team leader or the event manager plays the role of the theater director of performance (Vidal, 2004). He synchronizes individual performances and creates synergy among the group members and specific functional departments while he enjoys working creatively and collectively with the aim of achieving trustworthy objectives (Vidal, 2004, p. 394). Hence, I realized the nature of the work of an event manager and I am now more attracted to pursue a career in event management than before.The event management industry is embodied with a number of challenges that every event management effort has to endure. The biggest challenge is to ensure financial viability. The miserliness is yet to recover from the recession completely and it is still very difficult to organize a profitable event. As Smith et al. (2010) addressed, allocating the limited resources of an event in effect has become more critical than ever. For our group as well, financial consideration posed tremendous challenges and I realized that the skills I have acquired regarding event budgeting will be particularly helpful in future.Another area of difficulty was the impact analysis and contingency planning. Every event has several possible electropositive and negative impacts on the local society, environment, governance, and politics to some extent. Maximizing positive impact and reducing negative impact requires intelligent strategic decisions and planning. This was another learning outcome for me from the experience.However, there were a few places where I identified shortcomings i n terms of group performance or my individual performance. First of all, effective dialogue among the group members was an issue. Every individual is different and we were formed into a group with people with different personalities. Also, there was no elected leader or director of the group. Hence, in the beginning it was a bit difficult to ensure effective communication which led to some confusion and inefficiency. As Greenberg (2002, p.217) explained that communication is the process of send and receiving information, it requires the meaningful coding and decoding fromthe both end.Another shortcoming of the exercise was that we could not specifically measure the impact of the event on the community. Actually, unless the event takes place in real life, it is difficult to say whether it would be received well by host communities or not. Though I had the experience of planning an event with a team, without the experience of executing the plan, it is always incomplete.However, this was a very enjoyable and valuable journey. The experience will add values to my character as an individual and will help me to become a better event manager in future, if I pursue this career for myself. However, even if I dont end up to be an event manager, this experience will remind me about the values of working in synergy to produce positive results. For me, that was the entailment of the whole experience._REFERENCES_West, M. A. (2004). _Effective teamwork practical lessons from organizational research_ (2nd ed.). Malden, MA BPS Blackwell.Getz, D. (1993). Corporate culture in not-for-profit festival organisations concepts and potential lotions. _Festival Management and Event Tourism_, 1, 11-17.Douglas, N., Douglas, N. and Derrett, R. (eds) (2001). _Special Interest Tourism_, p. 356. John Wiley and Sons.Goldblatt, J. (1997). _Special Events exceed Practices in Modern Event Management_. John Wiley and Sons.McDonnell, I., Allen, J. and OToole, W. (1999). _Festival and Special Event Management_. John Wiley and Sons.Vidal, R. (2004). The vision conference Facilitating creative processes. _Systemic Practice and Action Research_, 17(5), p. 385 405.Slack, T. and Parent, M.(2006). _Understanding sport organizations The application of organization theory_ (2nd Ed.). Champaign, IL Human Kinetics.Bens, I. (2000). _Facilitating with ease A step-by-step guidebook_. San Francisco Jossey-Bass.Lambert, V. and Glacken, M. (2005). Clinical education facilitators A literature review. _Journal of Clinical Nursing_, 1(4), 664 673.Rogers, C. and Friedberg, H.J. (1994) . _Freedom to learn_. unfermented York Merril, Macmillan College Publishing.Greenberg, J. ( 2002). _Managing behaviour in organizations_. New Jersey, NY Prentice Hall.

Ethical Issues Relating to Halliburton and Iraqi Contracts Essay

This paper examines ethical issues faced by public sector employees and employees of private sector firms that moderate business with and for government agencies. The paper discusses Halliburton, a U. S. defense contractor, in light of the primary issue, several secondary ethical issues, and the impact on stakeholders involved. The goal is to hazard recommendations for how prospective employees and managers can handle similar situations. Overview of Contracting Activities at Halliburton Since 2001 energy services company Halliburton and its subsidiary KBR have performed unspecified services to the U.S. phalanx in Iraq, Kuwait, and serveral other countries under a no-bid, long-term global logistics contract, LOGCAP. During the course of laurels and executing these contracts at least two persons have made the ending to become whistle blowers, a government contracting employee and a Halliburton/KBR procurement employee. The government employee disclosed that Halliburton/KRB was inv olved in closed-door meetings with the Army Corps of Engeneers that resulted in the no-bid, multi-year, billion dollar contract being awared exclusivley to Halliburton/KBR.(Morning Edition October 29,2004) The procurement employee disclosed that activitities inside Halliburton/KBR resulted in overcharging the government and taxpayers for goods and services and eliminating competition among potential vendors. Specific allegations complicate soliciting higher priced products and services because the government pays a fee bassed on the total of goods/services procured and manipulating purchases orders to maintain a maximum of $2,500 to avoid the bidding process amongst prospective vendors.Stakeholders The stakeholders in this situation are the client, the U. S. government taxpayers who are the investors or funders of the government the vendors, who through the bidding process maintain a competitive and remunerative business environment and employees who make sure that their employer s receive the best value for the services and products they procure. Ethical dilemmas Should employees bring wrongdoing to light and if so, how?Will the decision break dance the privacy of vendors or other employees? Is it legal to disclose certain activities related to defense contracts? Secondary ethical issues relate directly to the stakeholders. Is the U. S. government unfairly awarding contracts? Is that awarding process facilitating a culture of overcharging, which is absorbed by U. S. taxpayers. Are vendors intentionally overcharging Halliburton/KBR? Are Halliburton/KBRs procurement practices eliminating competition in the marketplace?

Nike as a Multinational Company

Nike is one of the largest athletic shoe brands in the world and sells millions of shoes and clothing each year. The company was founded on January 25, 1964 by a University of Oregon track athlete Philip Knight and his coach Bill Bowermanas. It was first named Blue Ribbon Sports and it officially became Nike, Inc. on May 30, 1978 (Nike). As a multinational company, it operates retail stores domestically and overseas and all of the products it sells are manufactured by independent contractors located predominantly in foreign countries.Nike first entered the external food market through China overcoming the many challenges it faced while trying to do business with them. Nike is also listed as one of the 226 companies recognized for sustainability efforts on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index. beyond the CERES principles, Nike has recently been investigating options for improving its energy efficiency. By certifying all of its new buildings in Oregon with Earth Advantage, Nike has been able to save more than dickens million kilowatt-hours and over 2,000 therms of natural gas. This has translated into a total saving of $100,000 for the company.Nikes plans for the future include A continued effort to eliminate PVC in its products The utilise a Shoe programme which, since its inception, has enabled some 13 million pairs of athletic shoes to be recycled Working with organic cotton farmers to create a larger market for their cotton Nikes use of organic cotton has been climbing each year since 1997, and it has a goal of 3% organic cotton use in all(prenominal) unit of the company by 2010 Reducing emissions at factories worldwide and encouraging the adoption of environmental management systems in each plantA major challenges that still faces Nike is the monitoring of labour conditions in the factories operated by its many overseas suppliers. The company has been commended for its openness in admitting to unacceptable practices, and its challenge now is to eliminate them.

Market survey Essay

I. AbstractAs you buns see, our AIS senior high School campus has a small student store at the lobby. This store is managed by students and they sell foods and drinks that canteen doesnt watch. The cost of the products there range from 500 to 24000VND. However, these prices are made up by the students without any limpid reason. That is why we do this marketing survey project in order to help the students government make right decisions about products and set in the student store. In this project, we apply the core concepts related to Demand (Demand Schedule, Demand Curve, Elasticity of demand) to gain accurate results. We hope that this project will non only help the students store to generate the best profit but pave way for students to experience how entrepreneurs part the lessons in making decisions and learn how to assist well in a group.II. MethodologyIn this project, we choose Panda cookies as the main product for the survey. We are interested in the relation mingled w ith price and measuring stick of demand in market places. Well use price to estimate the measure of demand throughout the survey of the panda cookies. According to statistic, we have to start checking out conditions whether they are satisfied or not before doing any calculation. Our world is all students at AIS and the population size is 40 students. The population size is less than 10% of all males and females students at AIS. We carried out the survey through the following steps Firstly, we assigned each student in AIS High School a different ID number. Secondly, we used graphing calculator to randomly pick 10 students (5 males and 5 females) for each grade from 9 to 12. Then, we surveyed them independently and recorded the answers down.The enquiry that we used is For every price point below, how many packets of Panda cookies would you buy per week? We listed out prices from 6000VND to 10000VND and bill of demand from none to more than five.* Calculation and Graphso Interpreti ng the graph As you can see in the demand curve above, it shows negative linear relationship which means that the lower the price, the more quantity of demand will be. There are no scatter throughout, no shape, no bent and no extrapolation. An R2 of 96.72% indicates that 96.72% of the variation in maximum price can be accounted for by the variation in the quantity of demand in the market places.o Calculation We have a mean of price (is 8000 and normal deviation (Sy) of price is -1581.14 a mean of demand ( is 107.6 and a standard deviation (Sx) of demand is 37.4606. We have a correlation is 0.98 which means the relationship amidst prices and the quantity of demands is strong.o Slope b1 = = = -41.363By looking at the slope, you can know that when quantity of demand appends by 1 quantity, price will increase -41.363vnd.o Intercept b0 = b1 = 8000 + 41.363 = 8041.36The y intercept tells you that whenever the quantity of demand equals 0, the estimated price will be 8041.36. Finally, w e have the regression equation for the price as the quantity of demand increases or decreases. People can use the equation to estimate the price in the future.= -41.363x + 8048.36III. ConclusionsIf we look at the result, we can see that the price affects the quantity of demand a lot and thus plays an important part in making profit. Since one of the purpose of this project is to make the most profit, we decide to use the demand schedule to estimate at which price will bring out best profit. After calculating, we realize that at 7000VND with quantity of demand at 140 makes 980000VND which is the most out of all price points. So we decide to choose price around 7000VND for each packet of Panda cookies.

Economics Problems

Homework 3 Question 1. Problem and Application 4 on page 285. Please work on a, b, c, d, and e only. That is, ignore f. When you reconstruct the circuit card in your work, please lower the space for Marginal Product and Marginal Cost by a one-half step. In other words, the first entries of Marginal Product and Marginal Cost should be aligned with the second entries of other columns. (50 points) Table of Costs WorkerOutputMarginal Product keep down CostAverage Total CostMarginal Cost 00$200 12020 300$15. 00$5. 00 25030 400 8 3. 33 39040 500 5. 6 2. 50 412030 600 5 3. 33 514020 700 5 5 615010 800 5. 33 10 71555 900 5. 81 20 A. The table shows the fringy harvesting marginal product rises at first, but then starts to decline because of diminishing marginal product. B. The table shows the sum costs for this scenario. C. Again, the table shows the average add up cost. The average total cost will be shaped like a U. The average total cost declines as quantity rises when the quantity is low. When the quantity is high, the average total cost rises. D. The table shows the marginal cost.The marginal cost, like the average total cost, is withal U shaped, but unlike the average total cost it rises steeply as the output increases. This is because of diminishing marginal product. E. When the marginal cost is falling, the marginal product is rising and vice versa. Question 2. (20 points) The licorice industry is competitive. Each cockeyed produces 2 million strings of licorice per year. The strings have an average total cost of $0. 20 each, and they sell for $0. 30. a. What is the marginal cost of a string? Marginal cost = Change in total cost/change in quantity .30-. 20=. 0=Change in total cost .10/1=. 10 The marginal cost of one string is $0. 10. b. Is this industry in long-run equilibrium? Why or why not? No. In a long run quilibirum all firms are maximizing profits. No firms have incentive to enter or exit because all firms are earning zero economic profit. The fi rms in this competitive market place are making a profit of $0. 10 on each string of licorice. At this rate there is no long-run equilibrium, but if more firms join this market to sterilize in on some of the profit then there will be a long-run equilibrium when too many firms join the market the demand goes down.This can cause firms to make zero profit. Question 3. (30 points) Consider the following table. The price of the product is $8. Quatitity Total cost 0. $8 1. 9 2. 10 3. 11 4. 13 5. 19 6. 27 7. 37 a. Calculate profit for each quantity. How much should the firm produce to maximize profit? b. Calculate marginal revenue and marginal cost for each quantity. Graph them. At what quantity do these curves cross? How does this relate to your answer to part (a)? c. Can you tell whether this firm is in a competitive industry? If so, can you tell whether the industry is in a long-run equilibrium?

Mezzo Cammin Analysis Essay

Mezzo Cammin is an insightful poem by Henry Wadsworth Longfellow. It was a poem that was written halfway through Longfellows life and titled as such. It follows the life of a middle aged man who is basically whining about all the things he missed out on in the past. This title comes from the first line of Dantes divine comedy which is translated to Midway upon the journey of our life. Society looks at their past as if I could have done this in my past, I missed out on this and that. Longfellow shows that people felt like that in 1842. He uses different poetic techniques to see this opinion across. When he says I have let the years slip from me it sounds like his past self didnt care much about the symbolise and focused more on the future.In the next line he actually remembers the aspirations he had, no matter how inconceivable and impossible they are. What holds him from completing these tasks notwithstanding now, he describes as a sorrow and a care that almost killed. Sorrow usu ally doesnt hold people back from things that they wanted to do in their past, we start to see separation of him from society, a slight oddity in him. The next line uses lots of imagery and shows us that he looks at life like a hill. One side has his gloomy city. This city has two different feelings about it, one is a mellow and slight content feeling, quite dull. The other feeling is that of work, and bustling cities. A waterfall of death is on the other side, descending from the sky. He stands at the exact middle of the two.The speaker behind this poem has a huge ego. He has not cared once about anyone else besides himself and his future. This might contribute to his careless behavior in the past, he has no drive to do anything because none of the big things to do affected him beneficially. He might of also had no drive because of the things he inspired to be were too outrageous and he didnt want to put himself under the intensive work to become the next prime minister or imper ious leader. Again his ego coming into play, all about him.This whining man is very clear about his outlook on life. Longfellow shows how much this mans ego/procrastination has put him in the emotional gutters. He also gives a pretty blunt approach to life. You work, you regret, you die.

How Aerial Travel and Cabin Pressure Adversely Affects the Human Body Essay

The idea of humans traveling to the Moon or other argonas out side of the human beingss orbit is mostly scientific. However, when astronauts remain in station, having to re- oddment the organic structure to suit less or no gravity compared to the Earth could bring about many changes to the dust. Scientists have found that the time required for retrieval depends on the time spent in vigour-gravity conditions. The considerableer champion stays off of the Earths surface, the more victimize put up be ca utilize. Strictly speaking, even a trip in an carpenters plane would require safety precautions to minimize damage to the body of this. For example, cabin pressure increased to maintain balance and celebrate feeling different to a lower pressure. This essay result consist of two sections. The graduation will be of flight do within the Earths hemisphere, and how to perhaps prevent damage to the body. The second, and longer section deals with space travel through Zero-gravity and effects of high spirits on the body and the counter-measures to prevent damage to the body.Section 1, flight effects on the passengers, specific completelyy dealing with cabin pressureAirplanes go away at the cruising altitude of around 33000 feet, or approximately 10000 meters. Because the cruising altitude has a cabin pressure lower than air pressure on ground or even under sea-level, the oxygen availability is less and gases within the body expand. This causes the oxygen saturation level of the relationship to reduce, which erect organize to mild hypoxia, the reduced supply of oxygen to the tissues around the body. Due to the effects of hypoxia, alcohol consumption would strike the star much more than it would on Earth.As the aircraft makes its decent back to Earth, air moldiness be allowed to flow into the middle of the ear to equalize pressure differences. Passengers often can feel this change in air pressure. People with ear, lift and sinus infections are usually advised to avoid flying because of these changes in air pressure.Air travel in airplanes has less thank 20% humidity. This causes discomfort to the eyes, mouth and nose exclusively does non risk the passengers health. This discomfort can be prevented by imbibition liquids (water recommended) before and during the flight, and using skin moisturizers. Also passengers with short-sightedness or long-sightedness are advised to wear eye-glasses or else than pass on lenses during flight as the contact lenses whitethorn dry out. In order to avoid de-hydration, passengers should drink non- cloudburst beverages.Section 2, how traveling through space affects humansAstronauts often experience Zero- Gravity during their travels through space. This nada gravity or little gravity can bring about health concern to the body if astronauts remain in space for a long period of time. It would be much healthier for bunchs to anticipate under artificial gravity.In order to prevent any biologica l changes in the body when experiencing zero gravity, scientists recommend a force of artificial gravity equal to a third of the Earths level of gravity. However, scientists still havent research affects of artificial gravity on humans but they know for a fact and there is an imbalance in the body cod to the shifts of gravity levels. stylised gravity prevents physiological changes from occurring. In zero-gravity, the body deteriorates.It takes less muscle to move around, so after a long period of time in space, muscles weaken so the body bends. Because there is no tension in space, muscles relax and after a while they atrophy as a result of disuse and eventually disappear. To prevent the fracture of bones, limbs and muscles, all space shuttles give the opportunity for astronauts to do rigorous make out everyday to keep the muscles tender.Staying in Zero-gravity for months causes bones to lose mass and get th privileged, as they are not carrying any weight. This means astronaut s must go through rigorous trainings in the spacecraft everyday in order to keep muscle and bone strength. When a great deal of the crews rare time in space is spent exercising rather than doing science, coin and potential knowledge are being squandered for the sake of health. It is a sacrifice, but a necessary one1In space, receptors in the inner ear allow humans to sense direction. In space, ear receptors dont receive the aforementioned(prenominal) cues and the mind gets used to ignoring the inner ears feelings about balance. Hand-eye coordination, posture and balance are all affected by the disorientation of the mind. When astronauts return to humanity, they are often overwhelmed by dizziness and have bother in maintaining balance. An example of the mind adapting to the new gravity less surroundings would be with Shannon Lucid, who was on calling card the Russian space Station MIR for six months. The astronaut said You just sort of get used to floating around but we also kn ow that floating around is not all that astronauts do- they must resist the effects of micro gravity on the body.Also, no gravity means no metro from growing, so some astronauts return to earth some 6 inches taller than when they left. It is only after a some months that they grow down/ shrink back to normal height. This is because of the unloading of spinal discs- because of lack of gravity, the discs in the guts are not holding up or don anything, so they tend to stretch rather than contract.Traveling through micro gravity causes bodily fluids to shift from the lower body to the cephalic bailiwick (head), and so peoples faces tend to swell and become rounder than they are on earth. When the brain senses a higher amount of blood than usual, it interprets the situation that there is now an overall increase in the total volume of fluids in the body. The brain responds by triggering the excretion of fluids, making astronauts prone to dehydration. Also, the fluid redistribution can shrink legs as the bones are weaker. These fluids pass through the kidneys, causation kidney filtration rate to increase, bone red ink can cause Kidney stones. Fluids that leave the body include calcium loss and bone demineralization. The loss of blood plasma causes temporary Anemia upon the return to Earth. Some crew members get space anemia. Scientists are implicated about the affects of catching this disease on over all crew performance. Blood volume may decrease by 10 percent.The increase of fluids in the head causes the same feeling as when one has a cold and feels blocked in. in space astronauts begin to lose their sense of taste, causing the proneness for strong flavorings in the food such as horseradish, mustard and taco sauce. Fluid loss, lack of dress and diminished appetite cause weight loss as astronauts tend not to eat as much as they would on earth. Meals and exercise are planned to prevent excessive loss.Zero-gravity affects the cardio-vascular outline. On eart h we must cope with gravity, which sustains or slows down the blood-flow. In zero gravity, there is no gravity force, causing the heart to slow down due to the decreased demands of blood as it travels more freely.The immune system in the body is also affected by weightlessness. In space, one is candid to illness as the immune response lowers and numbers of anti-bodies decrease after a long exposure to micro gravity. near half of all astronauts are affected by this unpleasant syndrome which affects nausea, headache, lethargy and sweating (taken from NASA sources). Also, minor effects of weightlessness on the body include puffiness in the face, flatulence, weight loss, nasal congestion and often dormancy disturbances.Upon returning to earth, recovery time depends on the duration of stay in space. Muscles are weak and the body is not used to gravity forces, (causing them to feel dizzy) and so some astronauts are taken back in stretchers. This shows why astronauts need to be at the pe ak of fitness.If in the near future the human turn tail would build space stations as tourist resorts, some would prefer hotels with zero-gravity and some would want uncomplete gravity, which would bring about competition like hotels on earth, which would drive prices low. As gravity affects all biological, bodily and chemical processes on earth, building an International Space Station gives new opportunity to study a world without gravity and its affect on animals and other living organisms. Observing the weightlessness effect on these living organisms could teach scientists about biological processes on earth, such as aging and osteoporosis.In the end, we can see that human travel through space is safer under artificial gravity when compared to astronauts being exposed to weightlessness, micro gravity or zero gravity (all three mean the same). Most of the problems mentioned such as fluid loss and muscle deterioration would not cause problems as long as the crew remained in a we ightless environment. Remaining in a zero-gravity environment for over a long period of time could cause problems, however. In 1987, in the later stages of his 326-day mission, Russian Yuri Romanenko was fatigued both physically and mentally due to traveling through space. The majority of his day was spent sleeping regaining strength, in the meantime his bones were deteriorating. Some say if many like Romanenko stayed in space for much longer, he may not have survived re-entry to the Earth. Returning to Earth could cause problems as the body is much weaker due to demineralization and atrophy of the bones and shortage of red blood cells. Ones balance must now again be readjusted causing many astronauts to feel dizzy when back to a strong g force gravity on earth.Whether or not the large amount of time and money spent on keeping astronauts fit during space flight is worth the scientific findings is debatable. Physiological effects need to be prevented as much a possible. Again, this i s usually prevented by rigorous exercise and micro gravity could still be a danger to the astronauts health. Many scientists believe that the benefits of transporting/ displace out machines (robots) and humans to space, despite the health issues, are nothing compared to the huge benefit that society will receive. Humans will not be perfectly suited to living in a weightless environment, but that wont stop Astrobiologists and many other research firms like NASA from exploring space. The many benefits of space exploration such as technological knowledge and inspiration easily outweigh the negative aspects.BibliographySources were from Newspapers, CDs, meshing sites and a large extract of a book in one of the web-pages. Most web sites accessed on the 11th December 2003 and 9th January 2004.1) http//library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php?page=adapt022) www.permanent.com/s-nograv.htm3) http//library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php%3fpage=adapt024) www.spacefuture.com/habitat/zerog.sh tml5) http//mos.org/cst/article/77/6.html6) http//school.discovery.com/schooladventures/spacestation/basics/why.html7) www.relaxincomfort.com/zerogravity_benefits.html8) http//experts.about.com/q/2540/2677459.htm9) www.uclas.ac.uk/facs/science/physastr/courses/space/ssyear1/sc1201.htm10) http//www.who.int/ith/chapter02_01.html11) Definitions from Microsoft Encarta 2003 bounteousness Suite CD12) http//library.thinkquest.org/2606/Environmental_problems/water_pollution_-_effects.html (used for first idea of project)1 http//library.thinkquest.org/C003763/index.php%3fpage=adapt02

Alvin Ailey and Sociology

Jerry Tarn Professor Douglas Kierdorf companionable Science 102 April 18th, 2013 Alvin Aileys Revelations and Sociology As the world begins to modernize, society develops into what sociologist Ferdinand Tonnies calls a Gesellschaft society. In a Gesellschaft society, mess quash only on themselves and build relationships mostly based on the possible monetary straighten outs. Because pile argon so focused on money, matters that do not possess any monetary value hightail it to be discarded as in mutual oppositionifi after partt or unworthy. Subjects such as the arts are often seen as unnecessary, excess, and impractical.However, what people fail to realize, is that art is in fact an integral part of humanity. Art can provide deep insights into our society, revealing both its positive and negative boldnesss in the most genuine form. leaping? a physical expression of art? is one of the many methods people uses to portray the various characteristics of society. Alvin Aileys chara cterature work Revelations, produced in 1960, is a prime example that reflected and exposed the affectionate limitings that were occurring during that era. The 1960s was attach as a time of great change as it was the era when America began to transform into an more and more modern society.There were significant improvements in science (and technology exemplified by the start of the space exploration), which greatly changed how people lived and viewed the world. However, the most important changes were probably societal ones, namely the civil rights movement. The civil rights movement was categorized by African Americans expressing their dissatisfactions with the injustices that they had to endure in past century. Although African Americans were liberated from slavery after the Civil War, they calm down had to deal with the inequality of racial segregation.Under those laws, African Americans had to face disadvantages such as (but not limited to) leave out of voting rights, infe rior quality of facilities, and unequal treatment under law. In sociological terms, there was teensy social mobility, institutionalized dissimilarity, and communities were racially stratified. It was not until the 1960s that the nonviolent protests and public civil disobediences of African Americans began to gain prominence and produce effect. In 1960, one of the many famous acts of civil disobedience, the Greensboro Sit-Ins occurred.The sit-ins consisted of multiple instances of nonviolent protests at the Woolworth Store in Greensboro, North Carolina by local African American students. After repeated protests and evolution tensions, the store finally desegregated its services. Coincidently, Aileys Revelations was produced in the same year that the protests occurred. Although there wasnt a reign over correlation between the Greensboro protests and the creation of Aileys dance, the production of Aileys dance was nevertheless a sign of social change.When Aileys dance company begi nning(a) performed, they changed the entire dynamic of American Dance playing field as African American way of life was finally represented by African Americans kinda of by proxies of Caucasian dancers. The ability of African American dancers to represent their own culture shows the social change of the transfer of authority (of the dance theater industry) from the dominant group to the minority group. Another way that Aileys dance company signified social change was its integration of different ethnic groups.Following in the footsteps of his mentor, Lester Horton, Ailey unconquerable to include dancers of different races into his dance company in 1962. Aileys practice of what sociologists termed ethnic pluralism was another sign of social change. Besides evidencing social change, Revelations also reflected the various elements of American society. The dance itself was able to show these elements finished the issues of the plot, which was divided into three sections Pilgrim of rue, fuck off Me to the Water, and die hard Members, Move.The first section, Pilgrims of Sorrow is about the sufferings of African Americans during the slavery era. The story depicts African Americans toiling by means of hard labor as slaves and trying to use song as an outlet for relief. Ailey also incorporates the song Ive been Buked, by sign Johnson, to accentuate the agony and frustrations of African Americans. The reason why Ailey brought back stories of extreme hardship is perhaps he wanted to remind Americans how much pain African Americans had to go through.He wanted to emphasize how important it was for people to realize the need for the abolishment of segregation. Ailey also probably felt that because Americas history of racial inequality has existed for such a long time, African Americans have become what William Wilson calls the permanent underclass. regular after the Civil Rights Act passed, like W. E. B du Bois described in The Philadelphia Negro, African America ns in time face financial disadvantages due to the situations they were put in before the passing of the bill.With the coexistence of peoples unbroken just-world hypothesis and stubbornness of their cognitive schema, the disadvantages of African Americans will never receive the deserved attention as people will just assume that their misfortunes were brought upon by themselves. This is probably why Ailey recognized the bitter lawfulness that racism will always exist. Slightly different from Pilgrims of Sorrow, Take me to the Water and Move Members, Move conveys a more positive atmosphere as it portrays scenes of baptism and church building service. Take me to the Water depicts a adult female by the riverside, ready to get baptized while Move Members, Move depicts a celebratory church scene. These dances are also reflections of American society as it shows the roles of religion. One role of religion was providing comfort to those undergoing hardship. When African Americans went t hrough slavery, they sought comfort in God and practicing Christianity. Another role of religion in American society was providing solidarity. Emile Durkheim believed that religion brought unity amongst people and connection between individuals.This is reflected in American society as Christianity, Americas largest religion, underlies the many values in American culture. Another important aspect of Aileys dance that is worth mentioning is Aileys own life. When he was working on Revelations, a lot of the content was the result of his upbringings. Ailey grew up in rural Texas in the segregation era. At that time, especially in Texas, African Americans lived under constant danger as they not only faced discrimination, but also delirium and risks of random lynching.All of these atrocities combined are probably what allowed Ailey to have such strong feelings towards the suffering of the slaves in the first part of his dance. Another influential moment in Alvin Aileys life was his exposu re to literature. When he analyze at universities in California, he learned of the writings of famous African American writers such as Langston Hughes and James Baldwin. In addition to his meeting with Maya Angelou, he perhaps became influenced and meant his performance to be an act to tug civil rights. Another influence of Aileys life was his exposure to religion.When he was young, he attended a Southern Baptist church. The songs and hymns that he heard when he went to church was probably influential to his other two dances Take me to the Water and Move Members, Move. This goes to show that what people experience in their childhood greatly influences their social identity as an adult. From Aileys background and dance piece, it could be seen that America during the 1960s was dominated by the Caucasian race, had a strong sense of religion (specifically Christianity), and had an unequal society.It was also beginning to advance into a developed society, which explains the rapid social change. To a certain extent, America today still possesses some discrimination towards certain ethnic groups, and equality isnt exactly fully established in every aspect of the country. Nevertheless, as society progresses, so will its values. There will come a point in the future when all of the negative aspects that society used to possess will change for the better. However, it is important to be aware of the need of social change. One way that social change can be exercised is through art.Art is a highly human expression, and is one of the many methods that can facilitate social change. Works Cited Alvin Ailey American Dance dramatic art Origins to 1979,International Encyclopedia of Dance, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, New York 1979. 54-57. Dunning, Jennifer (1996). Alvin Ailey A life In Dance. New York Addison-Wesley print Company, INC. ISBN0-201-62607-1. Foulkes, Julia L. Modern bodies Dance and American modernism from Martha Graham toAlvinAiley (Chapel Hill University o f North Carolina Press, 2002), 179-184 Kowal, Rebekah J.How to Do Things with Dance playacting Change in Postwar America (Middletown, CT Wesleyan University Press, 2010), 1-6 Mitchell, Jack. AlvinAileyAmerican Dance Theater (Kansas City, Mo. Andrews and McMeel, 1993), 1-25 Greensboro luncheon Counter Sit-Ins,Library of Congress. Retrieved April 15, 2013. 1 . Greensboro Lunch Counter Sit-Ins,Library of Congress. Retrieved April 15, 2013. 2 . Kowal, Rebekah J. How to Do Things with Dance do Change in Postwar America (Middletown, CT Wesleyan University Press, 2010), 1-6 3 .Alvin Ailey American Dance Theatre Origins to 1979,International Encyclopedia of Dance, vol. 1. Oxford University Press, New York 1979. 54-57. 4 . Mitchell, Jack. AlvinAileyAmerican Dance Theater (Kansas City, Mo. Andrews and McMeel, 1993), 1-25 5 . Ibid. 6 . Foulkes, Julia L. Modern bodies Dance and American modernism from Martha Graham toAlvinAiley (Chapel Hill University of North Carolina Press, 2002) , 179-184 7 . Dunning, Jennifer (1996). Alvin Ailey A Life In Dance. New York Addison-Wesley Publishing Company, INC. ISBN0-201-62607-1.

Ricardo’s Theory of Distribution

Ricardos contribution in his theory of dissemination Ricardo sought to show how changes in distribution affect production and contended that as the economy grows, rent rises which leads to diminished profits and deters economic growth. Ricardos theory of distribution has been briefly enunciated as follows (1) The demand for food determines the margin of cultivation (2) this margin determines rent Ricardo defined rent as payment for the original and indestructible powers of the soil.He identify rent as the margin of cultivation (i. e. When more land was taken to cultivation), but rent besides arises because of diminishing returns of the land of the same quality (i. e. on the intensive margin). (3) the amount necessary to maintain the diddley determines wages Increased agricultural production leads to higher money wages but the same authoritative wages. Ricardo assumed, via the population principle, that wage rates would be at subsistence levels in the long run.On the other hand, higher nominative wage rates and increasing aggregate rents place a two-way squeeze on profits. Although low competition profits are the same for all firms in a tending(p) industry, the inevitable leaning of profits is to decline as output increases. Eventually a minimum profit is reached at which extra capital accumulation and new investment ceases. (4) the difference between the amount produced by a given quantity of labour at the margin and the wages of that labour determines profit. Ricardo recognized that there is no survey of value, since any measure chosen varies with fluctuations in wages and profit rates. Moreover, he feels that the rising of rents will charge up profits down until there is no more profit, which probably might be the end of capitalism in his opinion. These theorems are too absolutely stated, and require much modification to adapt them to real life.

Brief Psychoanalysis of A Perfect Day for Bananafish Essay

J. D. Salingers A Perfect Day for Bananafish depicts the psychological struggles of Seymour Glass, a veteran of the Second World War. Through Freudian psychoanalysis, the different aspects of the effects of his fight-damaged psyche on his ability to perform in society become clear. there are several instances during which it becomes obvious that Seymours superego does not function in the same manner as that of the adults around him. It is also evident that his id is the most dominant force for his unusual behavior, but not by the pleasure principle.Rather, it is the childlike innocence that is the facet of his id that is the unproblematic motivation for him to act the way he does. Finally, in the ending, Seymours ego comes to the conclusion that it is simply impossible for him to fit into the materialistic society that has come to be. Thus, it abide be seen that the war and the society that Seymour returns to after the war play equally important roles in stellar(a) up to his sui cide. Seymours dysfunctional superego becomes evident during Muriels conversation with her mother. The mentions of his actions regarding The trees.That business with the window. Those horrible matters he verbalize to Granny about her plans for passing away. What he did with all those lovely pictures from Bermuda. all point to various actions that evince that Seymours sense of right and wrong-which is associated with the superego-does not recognize the distinction between things that are socially bankable and things that are not. Furthermore, it is also implied that this damage to his psychological state stems from the war, which may be a sign of bet on Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).Of course, PTSD was unheard of during this time period, so Seymour remained untreated for it. This defective superego is whence unable to contest the id properly. As a result, Seymours id is given partial freedom and so he acts childishly, making things up and pointing things out that are consid ered foolish. One such example is when he asks Sybil whether Whirly Wood, Connecticut is anywhere near Whirly Wood, Connecticut. In fact, the entirety of his interaction with Sybil is an example of the uncontrolled id.Along with his invented bananafish, this serves to illustrate that his innocence is the primary reason for how he acts. However, this leads to an irreconcilable difference between Seymour and the lay of society, as the rest of society is principally dictated by their superego. This is best portrayed by the events mentioned in passing during Muriels conversation with her mother, and the thing he tells the woman in the elevator I see youre looking at my feet. Whether or not the woman was actually looking at his feet at all is obviously unimportant the picture exchange between Seymour and the unnamed woman serves to depict the rift between Seymour and the rest of the world. This rift last leads Seymours ego, which is tasked with the interaction with external stimuli , to the conclusion that he can no longer coexist with the rest of society. As a result, the only course of action that he can see is that of suicide.Thus, both WWII and the materialism of the society left in WWIIs wake are equally responsible for Seymours death. Had the war not damaged Seymours psyche to the point where his superego could no longer oppose his id, the whole series of events would not have taken place to begin with. Had society not been converted to follow the ideals of materialism, Seymour would not have found that he was unable to fit into society. But because both did what they did, Seymours death became an innate result of the combination of events that culminated here.

Cbt Case Study

CBT causal agent Study Identifying Information For the purposes of the mooring study the client will be c entirelyed Jane. Jane is a 22 yr old single white British female who lives with her parents in a house forthside the city. She is heterosexual and has had a boyfriend for seven years. She savours unable to discuss her issues with her boyfriend. Her parents both take on mental health issues and Jane does non feel able to talk to her mother approximately her conundrums. She has an older comrade she has a good kind who lives with his girlfriend, a four hour drive away.Jane is educated to degree level, having studied Criminology and is currently working part clock time for her father managing his client considers for a business he runs from home. A typical sidereal day involves organising all utility and creating spreadsheets for each clients accounts. Jane states she would uniform to rag to a full time job and be normal give care her friends. Jane has a small circ le of friends from university who she states sacrifice all gone onto full time employment. Jane also has a puppy she spends time spirit after and fetching for regular walks.Assessment Jane was refer redness following a health check at her GP surgery. She had been appointive Citalopram 20mg by her GP for anxiety symptoms and scourge storms she had been having for 2 years. Jane has no previous contact with mental health services. Janes father had a diagnosis of Bi-Polar Disorder, her brother has Depression and her boyfriend has a diagnosis of neurotic Compulsive Disorder which he is continuing interposition for. Janes anxiety/ scourge has increased over the past two years.She had read ab prohibited cognitive Behavioural Therapy on the Internet and was willing to see if it was serve well ease her anxiety symptoms. Jane tell that the problem started due to family issues in 2007. Her brother and father were estranged due to a financial disagreement and this resulted in Janes brother leaving the coun translate with his girlfriend, causing Jane to be follow very distressed. Also during this time she was taking her final exams at University, Jane states this was when she experienced her frontmost dread attack.She had spent the evening in the first place her brother re importanting the country, drinking alcohol with friends, she remembers feeling hung-over the next day. While travelling in the car to the airport, with her brother and his girlfriend, Jane states she started to feel unwell, she found it hard to breathe, mat hot, trapped and felt standardized she was going to obscure. Jane stated she felt gangrenous and stupid and had since experienced other disquietude attacks and increased anxiety, anticipating panic attacks in social situations.Jane had reduced w here(predicate) she went to, purpose herself unable to go eachwhere she may exact to meet bleak people. Her last panic attack happened when Jane visited her GP for a health check and ricketyed during the appointment, Jane has blood phobic neurosis and she stated she had not eaten since the day in the lead and was extremely anxious around the any medical interventions. Jane believes it was a panic attack that ca utilise her to faint.The GP prescribed her 20mg of Citalopram, a few weeks prior to her initial assessment with the healer. When Jane and the therapist met for the initial session Jane described herself as feeling inadequate and as if she was trapped in a cycle of panic. Although Jane felt unhappy she had no suicidal ideation and she presented no risk to others. Jane stated she had become more than than anxious and that she had panic attacks at to the lowest degree twice a week. Prior to and during therapy, Jane was assessed using various measures.These enabled the therapist to formulate a hypothesis regarding the acrimony of the problem, also acting as a baseline, enabling the therapist and Jane to monitor progress throughout treatment. (Wells, 1997). The measures use in the initial assessment were a daily panic diary, Wells (1997) and a diary of obsessive- compulsive rituals, Wells (1997) a self rating scale completed by the client Jane. Other measures use were, The Panic Rating Scale (PRS) Wells (1997), the Social phobic disorder Scale, Wells (1997), used by the therapist to clarify which specific disorder was the main problem for Jane.Having collated information from the initial measures, a problem magnetic dip was created so the therapist and Jane could decide what to focus on first. This list was based on Janes account of the worst problems which were given priority over those problems which were less distressing. Problem List 1. Anxiety/Panic attacks 2. Obsessive hand swoshing. 3. My relationship with my family. 4. Not having a full time job. 5. My relationship with my boyfriend Having collaboratively decided on the problem list, the therapist helped Jane reframe the problems into goals.As the problem list hig hlighted what was wrong, changing them into goals enabled Jane to approach her problems in a more cogitate way (Wells, 1997), the therapist discussed goals with Jane and she decided what she wanted to get from therapy. It was important for the therapist to ensure that any goals were realistic and achievable in the timeframe and this was conveyed to Jane (Padesky & Greenberger, 1995). Jane wanted to reduce her anxiety and expressed these goals- 1. To ensure wherefore I impart panic attacks. 2. To have an anxiety free day. 3. To reduce the amount of time worrying . To reduce obsessive hand washing at home. Case Formulation Jane stated that for virtually a year she had been retell certain behaviours, which she believed prevented her from having panic attacks. This involved Jane washing her hands and any surrounding objects at least twice. Jane had a fear of consuming alcohol/drugs/caffeine/artificial sweeteners, she stated she had had her first panic attack the day after drinki ng alcohol and had read that all these substances could increase her anxiety. Jane had not drunk alcohol for 18 months as she felt this caused her anxiety and made her nable to control the panic attacks. Jane stated she feared that if any of these substances got on her hands and past into her mouth she would have a panic attack and faint. These beliefs increased Janes anxiety when Jane was unresolved to any environment where these substances were present. This unfortunately was most of the time, Jane stated that every time she saw any of these substances consumed or even placed near her, she became anxious and had to wash her hands and any surrounding items which she may come into contact with again.These pencil eraser behaviours maintained the cycle of panic, Jane would always continue the routines that she believed prevented a panic attack. The worst case scenario for Jane was the panic would never stop and I will go mad, causing my boyfriend to leave me. Jane felt this would m ake everyone realise what she already knew, that she was worthless. Her last panic attack happened when Jane had visited her GP this caused Jane feelings of shame. Theres all these people achieving, doing great things and I kindlet do the most basic thingsThe therapist used the Cognitive Model of Panic (Clark, 1986), initially developing the three key elements of the fashion model to help socialise Jane to the thoughts, feelings and behaviour cycle (see diagram below) Cognitive Model of Panic Bodily sensations Emotional response theory about sensation Clark (1986) Using a panic diary and a diary of obsessive-compulsive rituals, Jane was asked to march on a record of situations during the week where she felt anxious, and this was discussed in the next session.Jane stated she had not had any panic during the week, when discussing previous panic attacks during the session, Jane became anxious and the therapist used this incident to develop the following formulation. Heart crush fast/increase in consistency temperature Fear/dread I feel hot, I cant control it Clark (1986) Jane stated she felt like she was sweating, she had difficulty breathing felt faint, had feelings of not existence here and felt like she was going crazy.All these symptoms suggested that Jane was experiencing a panic attack and Jane met the criteria for Panic Disorder, defined in the DSM IV and states that panic attacks be recurrent and unexpected, at least one of the attacks be followed by at least one month of persistent concern about having additional attacks, worry about the implications or consequence of the attack, or a significant change in behaviour related to the attacks (APA, 1994). During the sessions the therapist go along to socialise Jane to the model of panic (Clark, 1986) together Jane and the therapist looked at what kept the cycle going.The therapist keep to use the model formulation, with the addition of Janes catastrophic interpretation of bodily symptoms, to illu strate the connection amid negative thoughts, emotion, physical symptoms. Social situation I will be unable to stay here Everyone will notice I am not coping Im going to faint Sweating/breathing fast/dizzy Clarks (1986) Cognitive Model of Panic.Progress of Treatment The therapist hypothesised that Janes symptoms continued due to Jane not understanding the physiological effects of anxiety. The results were a misinterpretation of what would happen to her bit being anxious, and this maintained the panic cycle. Although Jane time-tested to avoid any anxiety by using safety behaviours, she eventually increased the anxiety she experienced. academic session 1 After the initial assessment sessions, the therapist and Jane concord to 8 sessions, with a review after 6 sessions.Jane and the therapist discussed that on that point may only be a small amount of progress or change during the sessions due to the Byzantineity of Janes diagnosis and agreed to focus on understanding the cycle o f panic (Clark, 1986) From the information gained from the formulation process, the therapist tried psycho education. The therapist was attempting to illicit a shift in Janes belief about what, how and why these symptoms were happening. The therapist discussed with Jane what she knew about anxiety and from this the therapist discovered that Jane was unsure of what anxiety was and the effects on the carcass.For the first few appointments the therapist knew it could be beneficial to concentrate on relaying information about anxiety, (Clark et al, 1989) focusing on Janes specific beliefs anxiety, the therapist wanted to try to reduce the problem by helping Jane do the connection between her symptoms. As Jane believed, she was going mad, the therapist was trying to help Jane understand the CBT model of anxiety and to alter Janes misunderstanding of the symptoms. The therapist and Jane discussed Janes belief that she would faint if she panicked, Jane had fixed beliefs about why she fai nted.The therapist attempted to enable Jane to describe how her anxiety affected her during a usual panic. Instead Jane began to describe symptoms of social anxiety, this suggested to the therapist that the main problems could be a combination of /social phobia and obsessive behaviours the following dialogue may help to illustrate this. T. When you begin to become anxious, what goes through your issue? J. I need a backup plan I need to know how to get out of there. Especially if its in an office, or a small room. T. What would happen if you did not get out? J. I would panic, and then pass outT. What would the reasons be for you to pass out? J. Because I was panicking. T. Have you passed out before when you have panicked? J. I have felt like it. T. So what sensations do you have when youre panicking? J. The feeling rises up, I feel hot and I cant see straight. I get red flashes in front of my eyes, like a warning. My vision goes hazy. I ideate everyone is looking at me. T. Do you t hink other people can see this? J. Yes. T. What do you think they see? J. That Im struggling and I cannot cope or, I try to get out of the situation by pretending I feel ill before they notice. T.What would they notice, what would be different about you? J. I stick out like a beacon, Im sweating, loads of sweat and my face is bright red. T. How red would your face be, as red as that No Smoking sign on the wall? J. Yes Im dripping with sweat and my eyes are really staring, feels like they stick out like in a cartoon, its ridiculous. T. How long before you would leave the situation? J. Sometimes the feeling goes, like I can control it. But I could not leave. There would be a injury and then I could not go back, the anxiety would increase in that environment or someplace similar.The therapist persisted with this example and tried to use guided discovery to help Jane get a more balanced view of the situation. (Padesky and Greenberger, 1995) T. So you would not go back? J. I would if I felt safe, like with my boyfriend or I could leave whenever I wanted to. Its the last straw if I have to go. It makes it even harder. T. You say that sometimes it goes away. Whats different about then and times when you have to leave? J. Its like I however know I have to leave. T. What do you think may happen if you stay with the feelings? J. That I will pass out. T. hat would that mean if you passed out? J. It would be the ultimate. It would mean that I could not cope with the situation. T. If you could not cope what would that mean? J. I cant function, I cant do anything. Im just no use. T. How much do you believe that? Can you rate it out of 100%? J. Now. About 60% if I did faint it would be about 100% T. Have you ever fainted due to the sensations you have described to me? J. No. I have fainted because Im squeamish. I foolt like blood. Or having any kind of tests at the GP. T. So do I understand you? You have never fainted due to the panic sensations?J. No. Ive felt like it. T. So youve never passed out due to the symptoms? What do you make that? J. I dont know, that would mean that what I believe is stupid. Its hard to get my head around it. Session 2-3 The therapist used a social phobia/panic rating scale measures to ascertain the main problem this was increasingly difficult as throughout each session the patient expanded on her symptoms. The therapist managed to understand that the patient avoided most social situations due to her beliefs about certain substances this caused the obsessive hand-washing.This then had an impact on Janes ability to go anywhere in case she could not wash herself or objects around her. Jane also believed fainting from blood phobia had the same physical effects as panic, and she would faint if she panicked. It was complicated and the therapist attempted to consort out a formulation. I SEE A somebody DRINKING ALCOHOL ITS GOING TO GET ON MY HANDS AND INTO MY MOUTH I flavour SICK, IM GOING TO FAINT I FEEL DREAD, I FEEL ANXIO US, SWEATING I MUST WASH MY HANDS TO STOP THE PANIC GETTING WORSE.Session 4 The formulation shows the extent of Janes panic and how her safety behaviours were impacting on all aspects of her life. The therapist attempted again to use information about the causes of anxiety and its effects on the body. The therapist explained what happens when you faint due to blood phobia, this was an attempt to supply Jane with recurrence evidence for her catastrophic interpretations of her panic. The therapist also used evidence to contrast the effects on the body when fainting and when panicking.After two sessions, the therapist continued to provide and attempted to relay the facts about the nature of anxiety/panic/fainting with the inclusion of behavioural experiments. Educational procedures are a valid part of overall cognitive restructuring strategies, collective with questioning evidence for misinterpretations and behavioural experiments (Wells, 1997) The therapist asked Jane to explain to the therapist the function/effects of adrenalin, to see if Jane was begin to understand and if there had been any shift in her beliefs about panic.The following dialogue may help to illustrate the difficulties the therapist encountered T. Over the last few sessions, we have been discussing anxiety and the function of adrenalin. Do you understand the physical changes we have looked at? Does it make sense to you? J. Yes. Something has clicked inside my head. I feel less sick now, I understand more about whats going on. It makes things a little bit easier, just it takes time for it to sink in. T. Do you think you could explain to me what you understand about anxiety/adrenalin? J.As I interpret it is, I like to think of it as, Im not anxious its just my adrenalin, Its just the effects of adrenalin effecting my body but its hard to get from there, to evaluate the adrenalin is not going to harm me. I know logically its not. But its still hard. T. Thats great youre beginning to questio n what you have believed and are thinking there may be other explanations for your symptoms. J. Yes. But I still think its to do with luck. I have good or bad luck each day and that predicts whether I have a panic or not. I think Ill be unlucky soon.Session 5-6 The therapist continued to try use behavioural experiments during the sessions to provide tho evidence to try to alter Janes beliefs about anxiety. The therapist agreed with Jane that they would imitate all the symptoms of panic. Making the room hot, exercising to increase heart rate and body temperature, hyperventilation (ten minutes) Focusing on breathing/swallowing. This continued for most of session 5. As neither the therapist nor Jane fainted, they discussed this and Jane stated it was different in the session than when she with other people.Jane also stated she felt safe and trusted the therapist, she did not believe she could be strong enough to try the experiments alone, as it was too scary The therapist asked Jane t o draw a picture of how she felt and put them on the diagram of a person, this then was used to study with anxiety symptoms, while talking through them with the therapist. The therapist and Jane created a survey about fainting and Jane took this away as homework to gain further evidence. The survey included 6 different questions about fainting e. g. What people knew about fainting/how they would feel about seeing someone faint, etc. Treatment Outcome The treatment with Jane continues. The next session will be the 6th and there will be a review of progress and any improvements. There has been no improvement in measures as noted yet. The therapist intends to use a panic rating scale (PRS) Wells, (1997) during the next session. The therapist will continue to see Jane for two more sessions, looking at what Jane has found helpful/unhelpful. Discussion Overall the therapist found the therapy unsuccessful.Although Jane stated she found it helpful, it was difficult for the therapist to se e the progress due to the many layers of complexity of Janes diagnosis. The therapist has grown more confident in the CBT process and understands that as a trainee, the therapist tried to incorporate all the new skills deep down each session. The therapist was disappointed that they were unable to guide Jane through the therapy process with a let out result. The therapist would have like to have been able to fully establish an understanding of Janes complex symptoms earlier on in the therapy.The therapist believes that Janes symptoms were very complex and the therapist may have been more successful with a client with a less complicated diagnosis. The therapist would then be able to gain more information via the appropriate measures to enable the formulations in a concise manner. This has been a huge learning curve for the therapist and has encouraged them to seek out continuing CBT supervision within the therapists workplace. This is essential to continue the development of the th erapists skills.The therapist feels that although this has not had the final result that the therapist would have wanted, it has been a positive experience for Jane. There appeared to be a successful remedy relationship, Jane appeared comfortable and able to communicate what her problems were to the therapist from the beginning of therapy. The therapist hopes this will encourage Jane to engage with further CBT therapy in the future and the therapist over the final session hopes to be able to support Jane in creating a therapy blueprint, reviewing what Jane has found helpful.Certificate in CBT September December 2009 CBT Case Study Panic/Social Phobia/OCD WORD COUNT 3,400 References APA (1994). Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised, 4th edn. Washington, DC American psychiatric Association Padesky, C. A & Greenberger, D. (1995). Clinicians Guide to Mind Over Mood. innovative York Guilford Padesky, C. A & Greenberger, D. (1995). Mind Over Mood. New York Guilfor d Wells, A (1997). Cognitive Therapy of Anxiety Disorders. Chichester, UK Wiley

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