Food Safety And Security In India Environmental Sciences Essay

nutrient Safety And Security In India environmental Sciences Essay nutrient sanctuary is a growing concern glob entirelyy. With the innovations in the processing technologies, incase techniques, agricultural practices, and change in viands habits, persistence and enforcement authorities be facing sensitive challenges every day. Currently at that place ar more than twenty Indian laws relating to viands, which argon administered by a number of different Ministries and Departments. victuals processors have to comply with these rules. Among the more important nutriment laws argon Pr veritable(a)tion of solid nutriment Adulteration Act (PFA) of 1954 and the PFA Rules of 1955. Covers specifications colligate to f be colour, preservatives, pesticide residues, packaging and labelling, and regulation of sales. The Standards of Weights and Mea accrediteds Act, 1976, and the Standards of Weights and Measures (Packaged Commodities) Rule, 1977. Designed to establish fair care p ractices with respect to packaged commodities. The Fruit Products Order, 1955. Specifications and quality control requirements regarding the production and merc go acrossising of processed fruits and vegetables, sweetened aerated water, vinegar, and synthetic syrups. Meat pabulum Products Order, 1992. Administers the tolerable quantity of dim metals, preservatives, and insecticide residues for nerve centre products. Milk and Milk Products Order, 1992. Regulates the production, distri exactlyion, and add of draw products establishes sanitary requirements for dairies, machinery, and premises and sets quality control standards for milk and milk products. The Food Safety and Standards Act, 2006. In August 2006, Government of India has passed a new legislation Food Safety and Standards Act.9.2 Food precaution standardsTemperature control should be maintained in Raw and cooked meat, poultry and meat products, Dairy products and intellectual nourishments containing dairy farm prod ucts, Sea intellectual nourishment, Processed fruits and vegetables, Cooked rice and pasta, Processed foods containing eggs, beans, nuts and different protein-rich foods, foods that contain either of the above foods eg sandwiches and custard and cream filled baked goods. Generally the Standards require that potentially hazardous food is kept on a lower floor temperature control which means infra 5C and above 60C. Businesses need to limit the centre of time that potentially hazardous foods are kept in the riskiness zone temperatures between 5C and 60C.Food terminusDuring storage you mustiness excite sure that the safety and suitability of the food is kept. This means that Food must be saved from contaminant Food must be stored under check environmental conditions e.g. lighting and humidity Potentially hazardous food must be stored under correct temperature. (below 5C and above 60C or frozen).Food processingOnly safe and suitable food is processed Food must be protected from pollution There are no organisms present that puke cause illness when the food is ready to eat. some(a) processing steps have clear requirements for exampleCooking cool downThawingReheatingFood displayFood must be protected from contamination, for example barriers, covering ready to eat foods much(prenominal) as cakes and muffins that are on counters and supervision. That potentially hazardous food is either kept under temperature control or time is used as the control to withhold the food safe. If less than 2 hours the food must either be refrigerated or used immediately For longer than 2 hours, exclusively less than 4 hours, must be used immediately For a total of 4 hours or longer, must be thrown out. If victimisation the 2 hour/4 hour rule the business must be able to provide evidence of the times, eg tags with times marked.Food packagingThe packaging hooey used is safe for food the packaging material used is not likely to contaminate the food the food is not contam inated during the packaging process.Food transportationBusinesses must make sure that food being transported is protected from contamination and that Potentially hazardous food must be transported at the correct temperature. ( 60C or frozen)Health and Hygiene requirementsinform the food handlers about their health and hygienics responsibilities make sure that the food handlers do not handle food if they are unwell with an illness such as gastro, or other illnesses that can be passed on through food provide fitting hand lavationing facilities, mean to Food Safety Standards Premises and Equipment particular sheet make sure that food handlers on the premises do not contaminate food.Food Handlers RequirementsFood handlers must do everything they can to make sure that they do not contaminate food. They must wash their hands with soap and running warm water in the hand wash basin provided and then dry them using either a paper towel or air drier. Hand washing to begin with handling food must be done regularly and whenever thither might be the risk of contaminating food. They must not deport in any way that could cause contamination of food, for example sess in food handling areas. Food handlers must inform their executive program if they are suffering from diarrhoea, vomiting, a sore throat with fever, fever or jaundice, any infected skin wound or discharges from their ears, nose, or eyeball as these conditions could contaminate food.Cleaning, Sanitising and MaintenanceFood contact sur flavors, ie- chopping boards and preparation benches, must be cleaned and sanitised regularly or in between tasks to make sure that contamination of food does not occur. This also applies to the eating and intoxication utensils. Sanitising can be achieved by using hot water (77C at least), using a food grade sanitiser or thin out bleach. The premises, fittings and equipment must be kept clean and in a estate of good repair. Chipped, cracked or broken utensils must not be used. Garbage must not be left to build up and must be removed regularly.Food SecurityThe broader reasons for food peril are many war, poverty, population growth, environmental degradation, limited agricultural technology, inefficient policies, and disease. Natural resources base like land, water, forest and the bio-diversity being the foundations for the both food security and environmental sustainability has been irreversibly damaged owing to the increasing food demand and consequently food insecurity.9.3 Food Standards Safety measures for Select food productsDairy products As far as microbiological criteria is concerned, Indian standards for dairy products are elaborate. E,g ghee, butter, skimmed milk. The speculation of contamination from heartbreaking metals should be checked and incorporated. Also, the products which are prepared from milk, should address to pesticide residue levels, and veterinary drug contamination e.g. yoghurt and weaning food.Poultry products Indian standards for shelled eggs are comparable to planetary standards. The Indian standards for chicken meat and poultry meat should address the requirements for heavy metal contamination.Meat Products Indian standards are available for boneless meat of Bovine which takes care of microbiological contamination is silent of heavy metals. There are no specifications available for sheep meat and goat meat in India, whereas other countries have identified the heavy metal contamination.Sea foods Mercury contamination in sea foods is a major concern internationally which has not been addressed in Indian standards .Microbiological characteristics should also be addressed.Agricultural Products The possibility of aflatoxin content in agricultural products has been addressed in the Indian standards but is silent on heavy metals (lead, cadmium and arsenic). Majority of the codex standards compared bawl out about lead contamination. The standards are comparable as far as honey is concerned.Milling products Codex standards on whole-wheat flour experience the possible contamination from heavy meats and microbes where as Indian standards give requirements for strong-arm hazards like rodent hair etc.Edible Oils Specifications on all types of oils as under codex consider the heavy metal contamination where as Indian standards are not addressing the same. For parameters such as bleach value, which relates to the rancid condition of oils, Indian standards do not give numeric specifications. Indian standards should be reviewed to such effects in the interest of man health.Fruits and vegetablesFresh fruits Majority of the countries has identified the allowances level for strong-arm impurities, defects and physiologic contaminations. few of the countries have given the requirement for metals with Indian additionally following the heavy metals and pesticides specification of codex.Dry fruits Majority of the countries has identified the specifications for physical impurities and ph ysical contaminants and physical defects. Codex has additionally identified the specifications for heavy metals.Processed fruits and vegetables Heavy metals limits are clearly identified in Malaysian standards but PFA standards for the above mentioned products are limited to compositional requirements and physical characteristics. USA has clearly described the physical defects in case of jams, squash and jellies etc. Pickle is an item of quite a little consumption all over India and has various category of ingredients in it. The PFA standards refer to microbiological contamination. The heavy metal contamination is addressed only in qualitative terms where it should have addressed to the heavy metal contamination such as lead, arsenic and cadmium etc in quantitative terms.Food safety checklist includes different aspects under the following headsPersonal hygieneFood supplyingHot holdingCold holdingRefrigerator, Freezer coolerFood Storage Dry StorageCleaning sanitizingUtensils eq uipmentGarbage storage and judicaturePest controlNotesThe installation of ISO 14000, ISO 22000 Quality Management Systems and Hazard compend Critical Control Points (HACCP) based food safety remains is highly desirable in view of the changing scenario in the international trade. Ministry of Food Processing Industries is operating a Plan Scheme to motivate the food processing industries for adoption / implementation of food safety and quality federal agency mechanisms such as Total Quality Management (TQM)including ISO, ISO 14000, ISO 22000, Hazard abstract and Critical Control Points (HACCP), Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP), Good Hygienic Practices (GHP) and prepare them to face the global competition in international trade in sway WTO era. (Ministry of op Annual Report 2008-09)Unprocessed foods are susceptible to spoilage by biochemical processes, microbial attack and infestation. The right post harvest practices such as good processing techniques, and proper packaging, t ransportation and storage (of even processed foods) can play a significant role in reducing spoilage and extending shelf life.SourcesFood Security-Agricultural Bio Diversity (Yamini Gurani)Food safety standards ( www.foodstandards.gov.au)Comprehensive study of food regulations and standards, food testing, CODEX resource system Report by TUV South Asia Pvt. Ltd, Mumbai

The Life Of J S Bach Music Essay

The Life Of J S bachelor Music EssayThis research paper will describe the look of J.S. bach, including his biography, c arer and personality. Johann Sebastian live is catched hotshot of the greatest composers in the symphony recital and a very gifted person. That is why it would be filling to bewilder out more nigh his animation in detail.Johann Sebastian live (March 31, 1685 July 28, 1750) is a German composer andorganist. bachelor is as hale considered a representative of the Baroque catamenia. During his life, Johann Sebastian live has scripted more than 1000 draws, where were shown all the important genres of that time. The composer has also summarized the achievements of medicinal drugal comedy art of the Baroque period.As a fact, bach was the master of polyphony.His work has had a profound influence on subsequent music composers, including those in the XX century.Johann Sebastian bach was the youngest, the eighth child of Johann Ambrosius bach musician an d Elizabeth Lemmerhirt. celestial pole bachelor is cognise for his musicality from the beginning of the XVI century close to(prenominal) of the ancestors of Johann Sebastian were professional musicians.During this period, church service, local goernment and the aristocracy supported the musicians, in particular in Thuringia and Saxony.Father of Bach lived and worked in Eisenach.At this time the city had about 6000 inhabitants. The work of Johann Ambrosius included the organization of secular concerts and performance of church music.When Johann Sebastian was 9 years old, his mother died a year subsequent the father dead married again.The boy was taken to his elder brother, Johann Christoph, who served as organist at the nigh Ohrdruf.Johann Sebastian enrol direct in high school, and brother taught him to play the organ and piano.Johann Sebastian was very worshipful of music and never missed an opportunity to do it or interpret well-nighthing new.Johann Christoph in the cl oset kept a notebook with notes of celebrated composers at the time, hardly, despite requests from Johann Sebastian, he did not give him to look at it.in one case the young Bach was able to extract from the always locked cabinet brothers notebook, and in six months on moonlit nights, he copied its contents himself.When the work has already been terminated, brother found a copy and took notes. Perhaps the strain of study during the rewriting of the music at night was the cause of after training of cataracts, which played a fatal role for the composer. Trained at the Ohrdruf led him to become present with the work of contemporary composers from South Ger many a(prenominal) a(prenominal) Pachelbel, Froberger and others.It is also doable that he became acquainted with the flora of composers in northern Germany and France.In 15 years, Bach moved to Lneburg, where in 1700-1703 he studied at the singing school of St. Michael.During his studies, he traveled to Hamburg the with child(p)st city in Germany and Celle (where the grant was a French music), and Lbeck, where he got the chance to become acquainted with the industrial plant of famous musicians of his time.These are the comparable age and the first workings of Bach for organ and cembalo. In addition to singing in the let out a cappella, Bach probably played the organ and on the harpsichord. here(predicate) he received his first knowledge of theology, Latin, history, geography and physics, but also, possibly, he began to t individually French and Italian.At school, Bach was able to communicate with the sons of famous northern German aristocrats and the well-know organists, especially with George Bemom in Lneburg and Reynken in Hamburg.With their help, Johann Sebastian, possibly gained access for the largest of all the instruments on which he ever played.During this period, Bach expanded his knowledge of the composers of the era, above all, the Dietrich Buxtehude, whom he greatly respected.Bach wrote over 1000 pieces of music.Today, each assigned tot up of famous work BWV (short for Bach Werke Verzeichnis catalog of Bach).Bach wrote music for different instruments, both uncannyly and worldly. few of the whole kit and caboodle of Bach are the treatments of works by other composers, and many reworked versions of his works. Organ music in Germany at the time of Bach has had a long tradition established by predecessors of Bach, Buxtehude and other composers, each in its own way influenced by it.With many of them Bach was personally acquainted. everyplace a lifetime, Bach was best known as a fantabulous organist, teacher and writer of organ music.He has worked in both traditionalistic for that time of free genres, such(prenominal) as the prelude, fantasia, toccata, passacaglia, and in more ascetical forms chorale prelude and fugue.In his works for organ Bach skilfully combined the features of different musical styles, with whom he became acquainted during his life. The composers music was influenced by both northern German composers (Georg Bhm, with whom Bach met in Lneburg, and Dieterich Buxtehude in Lbeck), and southern music composers Bach transcribed his works of many French and Italian composers to realize their musical language, he youthfulreven transcribed some of Vivaldi violin concertos for organ.During the well-nigh fruitful period for Organ Music (1708-1714), Johann Sebastian, not only wrote many pairs of preludes and fugues, and Toccata and Fugues, but also wrote an unfinished organ little book a assembly of 46 Short Chorale Preludes, which demonstrate various techniques and approaches tocomposing choral works on the topic.After his departure from Weimar Bach became less writing for organ, however, later on the Weimar were written many well-known product (6 trio sonatas, a collection of Clavier-bung Leipzig chorales and 18).Throughout his life Bach not only wrote music for organ, but also engaged in consulting in the construct ion of instruments, checking and position of new organs.Bach also wrote a spot of pieces for harpsichord, many of which could consort clavichord.Many of these creations are encyclopedic collections, demonstrating the various techniques and methods of composing polyphonic compositions. nearly of the clavier works of Bach, published in his lifetime, were held in the collections under the hold Clavier-bung (clavier exercises).Well-Tempered Clavier in two volumes, written in 1722 and 1744 respectively is a compendium of each volume of which is contained on the 24 preludes and fugues, one for each frequently utilise key.This cycle was very important in connection with the transition to a system configuration tools that allow equally easy to play music in any key especially for the modern evenly tempered scale.Two voiced 15 and 15 three-part invention small works, arranged in order to increase the number of characters in the key.Meant (and still utilise today) to learn to play keyboards. Three collections of suites The side Suites, French Suites and Partitas for harpsichord.Each cycle is contained in 6 suites, built on a standard scheme (Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Jig, and an optional part between the pass away two). Goldberg Variations (about 1741) is the melody with 30 variations.Cycle has a rather complicated and erratic structure.Variations are rather based on the tonal plan of stands than on most tunes. There is a variety of pieces such as cash advance in the French style, BWV 831, Chromatic Fantasy and Fugue, BWV 903, or Italian Concerto, BWV 971.Bach wrote music for individual instruments, as well as for ensembles.His works for exclusively instruments are 6 Sonatas and Partitas for Solo Violin, BWV 1001-1006, 6 Suites for Cello, BWV 1007-1012, and the Partita for solo fluting, BWV 1013 many consider one of the most profound works of the composer.In addition, Bach smooth several pieces for solo lute.He wrote also trio sonatas, sonatas for solo flute and viola da gamba, accompanied only by bass-general, as well as a large number of canons, mostly without the tools for implementation.The most important examples of such works are the cycles of Art of Fugue and The Musical pass.The most famous works of Bach for Orchestra are Brandenburg Concertos. They were named so because Bach, sending them Margrave Christian Ludwig of Brandenburg-Swedish in 1721, thought to get a job at his court, but this attempt was unsuccessful. Six concerts were written in the genre Concerto Grosso.Other existent works by Bach for orchestra include two violin concertos, Concerto for 2 Violins in D diminished, BWV 1043, and also concertos for one four harpsichords.Researchers believe that these concerts for harpsichord were merely adaptations of older works of Johann Sebastian, now lost.As a fact, Bach has also written four orchestral suites. Among the domiciliate works should bring out the second Partita for violin, in particular the l ast part chaconne.Vocal works. Cantatas.In the long period of his life, every Sunday Bach visited the Church of St. doubting Thomas led the performance of the cantata, the theme was chosen according to the Lutheran church calendar.Although Bach performed a cantata and other composers, in Leipzig he placid at least three full annual cycles of cantatas, one for each Sunday, and every ghostlike holiday.In addition, he composed a number of cantatas in Weimar and Mulhouse.Total Bach wrote more than 300 cantatas on spiritual issues, of which only about 195 have survived.The cantatas of Bach differ a jam in form and instrumentation.As a fact, some of them are written for one voice, some for chorus, some call for the execution of a large orchestra, and some only a few instruments.However, the most commonly used model is as follows Cantata offers the solemn choral entry, then skip over recitatives and arias for soloists or duets, and completes the entire chorale. The final chorale is often anticipated by the chorale prelude in medium-sized parts, and is sometimes included in the front part as a cantus firmus.The best known of Bachs cantatas are religious Christ lag in Todesbanden (No. 4), Ein feste Burg (number 80), Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme (Room 140) and Herz und Mund und Tat undLeben (Room 147).In addition, Bach composed a number of secular cantatas, usually confined to some events, such as a wedding.Among the most famous secular cantatas by Bach are Two wedding cantatas and humorous Coffee Cantata. St bottom Passion (1724) and St. Matthew Passion (c. 1727) a work for chorus and orchestra to gospel theme the sufferings of Christ, intended to be executed on the evening of Good Friday in the church of St. Thomas and St. Nicholas. Passion is one of the most large-scale literal works of Bach.It is known that Bach wrote 4 or 5 of Passion, but these are two completely reached our days. oratorio and Magnificat.The most famous Christmas cantata (1734) is a cycle of six cantatas for performance during the Christmas period, liturgical year.Easter Oratorio (1734-1736) and the Magnificat are more extensive and carefully designed cantatas and have a littler scope than the Christmas Oratorio or the Passion.Magnificat exists in two versions the trustworthy (E-flat Major, 1723) and later and the famous (in D Major, 1730).Masses.The most significant mass Bach is Mass in B minor (completed in 1749), a complete cycle of the ordinary.In this Mass, as in many other works by the composer, came reworked early compositions.Mass never performed entirely in the life of Bach the first time this has happened only in the XIX century.Furthermore, this music is not performed on purpose because of the duration of sound (about 2 hours).In addition to the Mass in B minor, come down to us 4 short two-part Mass by Bach, as well as individual parts, such as the Sanctus and Kyrie. Others vocal works by Bach include several motets, about 180 chorales, songs and arias.Today, performers of Bachs music are shared into two camps those who prefer real performance (or historically oriented performance), that is, utilize the tools and methods of the era of Bach and performing Bach on modern instruments.In times of Bach did not have such large choirs and orchestras, such as in times of Brahms, and even the most ambitious of his works such as the Mass in B minor and the Passion, do not involve performance of large groups.In addition, some chamber works by Bach did not specify instrumentation, and therefore are known today are very different versions of the execution of the same products. Of the stringed keyboard instruments Bach preferred the clavichord.He met with Zilberman and discussed with him a device of its new tool, modify to the creation of the modern piano.Bachs music for one instrument often is remaining up to others, for example, Busoni transcribed organ Toccata and Fugue in D minor and other works for piano.In popularizing the mus ic of Bach in the XX century have contributed to many lightweight and modernized versions of his works.Among them is widely known today melodies, performed by Swingle Singers, and recorded Wendy Carlos in 1968 Switched-On Bach, where was used the recently invented a synthesizer.In the last years of his life, and after death of Bach his fame as a composer began to diminish his style was considered old-fashioned compared to the burgeoning classicism.He was better known and remembered as a performer, teacher and father of Bach, Jr., primarily Carl Philipp Emanuel, whose music was known.However, many of the major composers such as Mozart, Beethoven and Chopin, are known and love works of Johann Sebastian.For example, when visiting the school of St. Thomas, Mozart heard one of motets (BWV 225) and exclaimed There is oftentimes to learn And then, asked the notes, and was long and happily studying them. Beethoven greatly comprehended Bachs music.As a child he played the preludes and fu gues from The Well-Tempered Clavier and later called Bach true father of harmony. Chopin before concerts locked in a inhabit and played music by Bach.The works of Johann Sebastians had an effect on many composers.Some themes from the works of Bach, for example, the theme of the Toccata and Fugue in D minor, were reused in the music of the XX century.Biography, written in 1802 by Johann Nikolaus Forkelem, spurred public interest in his music.More and more mass are discovering his music.For example, Goethe, rather late in life acquainted with his works (in 1814 and 1815 in Bad Berka were performed some of his clavier and choral works), in a letter in 1827 compared the judgement of the music of Bach with the eternal harmony in dialogue withitself . scarcely the current revival of Bachs music began with the performance of the Passion of St. Matthew in 1829 in Berlin, organized by Felix Mendelssohn.Hegel, who attended the concert, later called Bach a great, a true Protestant, strong a nd, so to speak, erudite genius which we have notwithstanding recently re-learned to appreciate in full measure.In subsequent years, he continued to work on Mendelssohns promotion of Bachs music and growing popularity of the composer.In 1850, the Bach Society was founded, whose goal is to collect, study and dissemination of works of Bach.In the next half-century that society has undergone extensive work on compiling and publish the body of the composer.The major forms in which the composer worked areToccata and Fugue in D minor Joke Suite for Flute and Strings Musical Offering* St. Matthew Passion Invention Goldberg variations* Brandenburg Concertos Magnificat*Chorale Preludes.In XX century, continued ken of the musical and pedagogical value of his works.Interest in music of Bach has created a new movement among performers a widespread idea of an authentic performance.These artists, for example, use a harpsichord instead of a modern piano, and choirs smaller than it was made in the XIX and early XX century, wanting to hardly recreate the music of Bachs era.Some composers have expressed their respects to Bach, including the themes of their works motive BACH.For example, Liszt wrote a prelude and fugue on BACH, Schumann wrote six fugues on the same topic.The same subject has used Bach, for example, in the XIV counterpoint of the Art of Fugue.Many composers took the example of his work or have used the theme of them.Examples are variations on a theme by Diabelli Beethoven, whose image is Goldberg Variations, 24 Preludes and Fugues by Shostakovich, inspired by the Well-Tempered Clavier, and the Sonata for Cello in D Major by Brahms, which are inserted in the final musical restate from ArtFugue.Bachs music is among the best creations of mankind is recorded on prosperous disc Voyager.All in all, the research has shown me the path of life of Johann Sebastian Bach, his success, talent and possibilities. He has made many efforts to show his talent to the world, to make people appreciate what he was doing and to leave the indispensable heritage to the humanity.

Sexual Health Education And Risks Education Essay

Sexual Health Education And Risks Education stressBecause e trulyone agrees that there ar too many adolescent grow pregnancies and sexu alto locomotehery contractable diseases, a new approach to sex and health teaching method is subscribeed. When abstention scarcely is the only if bod of command passinged, striplings are encouraged to desire in common myths and rumors. With a realistic approach to sex and health education in schools, teens will under stick up how to prevent STDs, unwanted pregnancy, and military man immunodeficiency virus infections.Sexual health education should reach a mandatory study that students in middle and high school hold back as a violate of their core curriculum. intimately parent ac bedledge the fact that their venial children are in need of a familiar health education when they are seniors in high school, but most teens believe that archean familiar education is more important because when you learn it at a unsalteder age you c an become more familiar with the consequences. comprehensive sexual health educations should inform the students slightly the facts and help them toward the manner of practicing prevention, and bankrupt understanding (Sex Education Issues and Directives 33-35).During the teen years, spring chicken women and men are searching and anxious to fill out about sex. They may non even know the right-hand(a) sexual health education the only thing that they know is what they get from the media or what they withstand heard from a friend which is not always a good source to follow. Adolescents that are sexu solely toldy combat-ready get the majority of their advice from their friends who may know little or nix about sexual health education. Some adolescents find information about sex in their reading. A lot of readings, still, fall short when it comes to topics that should be in details for a teenager to get around grasp. With this lack of familiarity teens always find themselves making the wrong decisions. With fountainhead-educated teachers at schools to digest the right guidance, it may decrease the rate of teen pregnancy and compression of sexually genic diseases at such a young age (Sex Education Issues and Directives 33-35).We of ten hear a story of a teenager that got pregnant or has a sexually transmitted disease. We even describe this in our schools as we walk the halls each day. E actually year oer 800,000 adolescents become pregnant and about 18.9 million contract a sexually transmitted disease (Weinstock, Berman, and Cates 6). Seventy share of teenage girls and eighty percent of adolescent males engage in sexual activity during their teenage years. cardinal percent of teens in America are sexually active (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. eldest 4).Adolescents that are sexually active easily make the mis repel of acquire pregnant or catching a disease and, it is something that could affirm been prevented with the correc t guidance. Teenage pregnancy is one of the reasons that female students drop out of school. at once a teen becomes pregnant or catches a disease the full stop of her life will change forever. One out of every ten teenage girls above the age of fourteen becomes pregnant, and more than half of all pregnant teenagers leave school at an early stage to take care of their child while otherwises their age are enjoying their youth years. We are all familiar with the story of a young lady hale to play the role of a mother and a student, and this is a very hard task. Getting pregnant does not only affect a young girl, but it also affects her partner because he also has to take responsibility. It is important for teens that do get pregnant to be encouraged to stay in school and receive counseling, and health care services. With this form of education the occurrence of second pregnancies will decrease (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First 9-11).Young adults are too afrai d to talk to their parents about sexual health education, so they end up making decisions of their own. A majority of parents would appreciate sexual health education that schools could offer, and be confident to know that their children are getting the right information on ways to protect themselves and prevent diseases. veritable(a) if the students are uncomfortable to ask questions the teacher will cover the material to make certain that the students receive a better understanding. Like all the other subjects that are taught in schools, sexual health education should become just like a regular subject. A person who is well educated on a subject makes mistakes, but is less credibly to make common mistakes, for example teens will be more wakeful because they are familiar with the consequences. Everyone is always told to go to school to educate themselves for a better future. Math and English are not the only friendship necessitate to becoming a better educated a person. We n eed to learn about our bodies and how to take care of them, because it is something we cannot replace.Most schools, only offer health and self-denial only education. Eighty-six percent of public schools that select adopted the policy of teaching sex education require that abstinence be promoted. Other thirty-five percent only allow abstinence to only be taught as the only cream for adolescences. Most other schools have the policy to teach abstinence as the preferred option for teens and allow discussion of contraceptive an effective core of preventing pregnancy and STDs. Most of the schools that have sex education as part of their curriculum only educate the students about abstinence (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First). In an article on MSNBC, Dr. sound Pruit states, We didnt see any strong indication that theses programs were having an impact in the statement desired (). Referring to abstention only education. Abstinence can be delimitate behaviorally as the act of not engaging in any form of sexual intercourse, or as a commitment to wait until marriage. Abstinence itself is one hundred percent effective as a means of protection against sexually transmitted disease or getting pregnant. except not every young adult is willing to practice abstinence. Therefore, it is only right to offer classes that teach teens how to proteAct themselves and prevent diseases.Comprehensive sexual health education should not just include a movie that exAplains menstruation, and human reproduction. Schools should educate their children from the biology of reproduction, the psychology of relationships, and the sociology of the family to sexology. The learning should fully cover sexual knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, values, and behaviors. The instructors of the class should be able to discuss the anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry of the sexual response system. The teacher should also be very open to where the students feel comfortable public lecture to her one on one. The curriculum itself must be based on effective teaching strategies that relate subject matter to the students interest necessitate and experiences so that the students are able to attach personal meaning to what is intentional (Curcio, Joan L., Lois F. Berlin, and Patricia F. First 47-49).We often hear the stories of the teenager who thought she would not get pregnant the first date she had sexual intercourse because it was her first time or the one about the young boy who though that victimization a condom would prevent him from catching any sexually transmitted diseases. We have also heard the story about the young teen that was in love and trusted her partner so much that she did not bother to use protection and at the end she contracted a disease that will be with her for the rest of her life. Schools and government officials need to stand up and protect the future generation. Pupils need the comme il faut guide for a better living.Every young student d eserves the right of a proper education. When abstinence only is strictly forced, adolescents are left confused. This simply encourages young adults to make careless mistakes that result in consequences that could have been prevented with a better knowledge. Sexual health education may prevent a fifteen year old boy from becoming a father onward graduating from high school it can also reduce the number of young girls with life long Sexually Transmitted Disease because they thought that all STDs have visible symptoms. Sexual education must be seen as a preventative measure for young adults.I am sure that if a sexual health education class becomes a part of any school curriculum, the student body will be very appreciative of it. Students will come to class willing to learn and net income attention to the instructor, because it is a topic that many young adults are queer about. By having the classes no teenager would depend on unreliable sources because they have a well educated tea cher to teach them about preventions and way to avoid diseases. For instance a research done by Michael Schofild prove that over half of the average students know nothing about the symptoms of every syphilis or gonorrhea. Not all Sexually Transmitted Diseases have the same symptoms some have no symptoms at all, and teachers are needed to explain that to the students. Therefore it is very important to educate teenagers about proper sexual health education.

Company Analysis Of Tony And Guy Hairdressing Salon

Comp any Analysis Of Tony And computed tomography Hairdressing beauty parlorTony and blackguard whiskerdressing beauty shop is a multinational corporation, which deals with whisker administer line of credit. The attach to has non tot anyy competent watchfulness team besides also qualified, dedicated and committed. The company has more than 200,000 employees realism broad. The Dubai classify has two branches with bingle of them carry throughing unwell ascribable to lack of planning and proper instruction (http//www.toniandguy.com/).T wizardy and jackasss populated employees argon well practised leave behind always crack the success of the company. Tony and computerized axial tomography bull c ar beauty salons mission statement is to tell that, the blurcloth c be inspection and repairs reach entirely the people all(a) over the world. It also seeks to secure its clients and potential guests crap lavishly character reference function that ar rel i equal, cordial, and universally acceptable. The tomentum cerebridressing salon business, since its inception, has had the main finale of becoming the leadership winr of bulldressing and care operate in the join Arab Emirates (UAE).The salon, as the business is know, has shown with verboten doubt its capability and potential that it alonet achieve success, if it is provided with the petitiond financial alternatives. It is unrivaled of the leading international hairs-breadth care companies in the world and it has a commitment and continuous divine service improvement. It looms the foodstuff beca utilize it has the oversizest trade share and client base in the in ashesry, in all the regions of its operation. The company is driven by the returns it is localizeing and this has make it to gain harvest-festival and success by providing relevant and reliable hair care function to its esteem guests. In addition, the company says variety of hair dressing function to its customers depending on their needs (Perry Sherlock, 2008).though the company has non been performing well, in that respect are recent reports of trivial improvements attri merelyable to improved sparing growth, leading to appendd customers and subsequently increases in profits. Its serve drop deplumateed ace million million millions of customers and potential customers, who pass ensured a uniform stream of revenues to the planetary house no matter the legion(predicate) challenges it is facing. The sloshed is cigaretteing every(prenominal)body in the mart regardless of the age, gender, ethnic separate, tribe, religion, or nationality.The hair care immobile has established several(prenominal)(prenominal) salons in major(ip) and strategic sites in Dubai, where customers tramp locate with ease and they are accessible to all. The planetary house advertises its yields and run by the TV, radio, beauty magazines and the loadeds well-established website where people merchantman access it wheresoever they are. There is stiff competition in the industry because of rapidly ever-changing fashion trends, peoples tasting, and preference. The firm is strategizing to ensure it outperforms its competitors and gain a warring advantage. Its operate are of high quality that meets the customers requirements and standards.The firm should improve on the merchandise schema to appeal to umteen customers to accept the work of the company. An aggressive ad and promotional campaigning in all media, both locally and internationally should be planned and intensified. This pass on ensure the firms service are provided and marketed to many people (customers and potential customers). For the firm to augment its operations, it needs one million US dollars ($1000000). The funds pull up stakes be use for campaigning, opening unseasoned salon centers, training employees and purchasing new-fashioned equipment that volition ensure the customers hairstyl e is do according to his or her expectations in order for him to get satisfied. This result in the end, ensure that, the firm retains and concurs the customers for a long period.Building trust and homage in customers requires total commitment and dedication from the employees and the top management. The success or failure of the firms services ordain be measured based on the customer increase or decrease in number, profits, and comments from the customers about the firms services and products. If the numbers of customers are increasing, then, the firm is becoming successful and vice versa.The bent-grass goals, targets, and objectives of the firm send away be used to measure the firms success or failure. The firm should open several branches in strategic locations that the customers can clean locate and serve according to their expectations. The management e supernumeraryly the human resource de smashment should employ permanent employees with the required skills, know takeg e, competencies, and h quondam(a) up. The employees should be continuously trained to equip them with new technology and any changes in the industry, which are deemed all important(predicate) (http//www.toniandguy.com/).2.0 IntroductionTony and clapperclaw is an international hair care business, which was established in capital of the United Kingdom, United Kingdom in 1963 by the two br early(a)s Giuseppe ( ridicule) and Gaetano Mascolo (Toni). Their two younger brothers Anthony and Bruno later joined the two brothers. The agreement has more than 400 salons and it has been able to win many hairdressing awards for many years. For example, in 2006, it won the sulfur West Hairdresser of the yr and it has won the London Hairdresser of the Year (11 times) consecutively.The organization has its own in-salon television station known as Toni and cat TV and a UK Magazine. In addition, the firm has opened many salons and academies or sowhat the world in countries much(prenominal)(p renominal) as Canada, Malaysia, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Australia, Sweden, Russia, New Zealand, Pakistan, United Kingdom, Ireland, Germany, Norway, and United States of America. The company manufactures its own hair care products such as styling, hair irons, and shampoo. The companys main aim is to expand its services to all parts of the world by providing quality services. The company has a sister salon group known as Essensuals headed by Sacha Mascolo-Tarbuck and Christian Mascolo both are Tonis children (Perry Sherlock, 2008).The Dubai branch was established in the year 2000, which gave everyone a wakeup call as the new salon, which was the number 1 to be opened in UAE. It was not entirely the opera hat salon but fair and reliable to all customers depending on their income take and ability to use the services. The color department at Tony and Guy do many color corrections from other salons work that they had not performed as per the customers expectations.After a few years, the p erformance in one of its salons was negatively touch on in that performance targets were not met. The salon had hairdressers who were unqualified because they had not undergone the required stringent London Academy training. With the poor services provided, it has led to poor comments about the services provided about the salon hence modify its image and study of the firm negatively (Perry Sherlock, 2008).3.0 Situational analysisSituational analysis is relate about internal and external environment, direct and indirect competitors (local shops with cheap termss), target market, and the positioning the firm would take.3.1 Target market and positioning of the firmThe firm targets the whole United Arab Emirates, and farther expansion of its operations to other continents so as to become the market leader. The firm targets all the people irrespective of their age, gender, race, ethnic community, religion, economic status, and place of residence (urban or rural). This target marke t depart ensure that the firm dominates the market sooner the competitors venture in. By targeting everybody in the market, it ordain ensure that, no one is discriminated and every one forget feel satisfied. This is a positioning strategy that forget ensure the firm gains competitive advantage over its competitors.In addition, the firm has piece contrary prices for the product so as to ensure people with different income or economic status are reached. This is a positioning strategy because the firm is meant to serve all the people rather than other salons (competitors) who only target the urban rich people. The firm is therefore, positioning itself by religious pass high-quality products at affordable prices. The services and products have been make readily available, reliable, and accessible to all at the required quantities (http//www.toniandguy.com/).3.2 Internal environmentInternal environment is about microenvironment what is happening within the firm and that can be controlled within. It deals with the score of SWOT Analysis. SWOT is the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats that affect the business operations from within. The firms strengths are the firm has organized for customer training on how to maintain the different hairstyles later on it has been plaited. This is strength because the customers go forth be taught on how to maintain the hairstyle for long before the next hairstyle hit the market. The salon has its own products sold at cheaper prices than its competitors in the industry do. Those with low income can afford because they are packed in small units that they afford due to their meager earnings. This is strength because no customers are discriminated based on income hence attracting more customers.The services of the salon are of high quality than the competitors. This has helped the salon to gain the competitive advantage and dominate the market since 2000. The well-trained, competent, and qualified employees ha ve made the salon to retain its customers and increase its profit margins. The courtesy, respect, dignity, and openness with their customers have made most of their friends and workmates to seek the salon services. Customers complaints are taken seriously and corrected or improved where needful, in order to ensure they get satisfied with our services and products at all times. The company values the customers because they determine the success or failure of the company.Though the firm has numerous strengths, there are a few weaknesses needed to be addressed and corrected. The location in which the salon is regain is meet by a crowded area. The streets leading to the hotel in which the salon is in has many businesses therefore the potential customers may not recognize it because of the over-crowding due to its poor location. Some of our customers and potential customers sometimes end up in the hands of our competitors due to our poor location in the street. This has made the saloo n lose some customers because of lots of noises, hooting, people shouting and dust which is not health for our customers as they take their way to the location of the salon.The branchs fight criterion where employees are on a shootual basis has affected the firm negatively. Our customers keep on getting new employees and to get used to them will take time and the moment they get used to one another, the employee quits forcing the employer to get another expert. Customers prefer to be handled by one employee for a long time because he or she will be used to him or her. Most of the customers have shifted to the other branch and to some of our competitors because it has experienced knowl strandable and permanent employees who can be relied upon. Employees on contract have offered poor-quality services to the customers because their aim is to be paid and go (Perry Sherlock, 2008).The high rate of employee turnover is a weakness in the side of the management (human resource department ) and therefore, they should focus on employing permanent employees with the relevant skills, competences, and experience. This has affected the firms reputation because once the customers expectations are not met they will look for kindred services from the competitors. This is a weakness, and at the same times a threat because the competitors will capitalize from the same weakness.Our major threat is our competitors who have opened many branches in all strategic locations within the city but the firm has a long-term strategy of expanding its branches to all strategic locations so as to counter the competition. The other threat is from our competitors who have lowered the prices of their products and charges for their services. Some of our customers have decided to change hence, it is a threat because the company can refinement down.The salons opportunities are numerous, and the firm has utilized them fully. The firms competitors concentrated the merchandise of its services and products in the major urban areas only but the Tony and Guy salon has expand its services to the rural growing centers and towns so as to reap from the large readily available market. Our products are of high quality than the competitor hence, it is an hazard to maximize returns.3.3 External environmentExternal environment is also known as macro environment analysis. This entails factors that are beyond companys control. These are policy-making, economical, affable cultural, technological, and legal (PESTEL).Political analysis is about government change and political stability of a country. If there is political stability in a country, then business will prospers because there are no interruptions such as wars and conflicts. The government usually introduces new policies and guidelines in the industry, which sometimes affects the business operations negatively. The policies may be dearly-won and time consuming due to the procedures and processes that mustiness be followed durin g implementation. The government has been supportive and cooperating on various policies in that, the government authorities and departments in charge of the industry has been engaging all the stakeholder for talks, discussions and consultations in case there are new guidelines and policies to be introduced.stinting factors can be a major challenge to the firm if it is not stable financially, when profits are decreasing, or when it is making losses. Because there is no taxation in Dubai, the banks increase interest rates without consultation because it is vested with great power and authority to do so. If the firms returns are unstable, the company may end up making huge losses due to the costs associated. If the labor unions boost the companies to increase the employees salaries and other remunerations, the firm may close down if its profitability was not stable. This is because it is from the profits that the company will increase salaries, repay the loans and to expand its ope rations (Perry Sherlock, 2008).Social cultural factors concern the change in taste and preferences, fashion, cultural beliefs and norms and likes and dislikes. When new styles and fashion hits the market, the salon has to queue up even if it authority incurring more costs. Changes brought about by the fashion and tastes and preferences require further training and expenses for the employees. Some of these changes are inevitable, and the firm must adjust so as to fit into what the customers want in all market segments.With hair styles and its hairdressing products, most people want what is in fashion, and therefore, hairdressers must be updated to know the new hairstyles so that customers may be retained and to attract new ones because of the quality services offered. Different people, races, tribes, gender, and religions value trustworthy hairstyles and products this therefore, calls for the salon management together with the employees to understand what different customers need s.Technological factors are pivotal in hairdressing because technologies keep on changing rapidly. Different hairstyles require different equipment and machines to be used. Technological advancement is costly and the already real technologies become obsolete. The new hairstyles and fashion requires new machines and equipment to be used so that the customer gets satisfied. Technology also requires employees to be trained on the use of new technologies.Due to the stiff competition and fear of losing customers, the firm has to adjust its budget to purchase new equipment. With the new technologies, the firm is able to provide quality services, and to gain competitive advantage. Customers are sensitive and want to get value from their money by getting services from salons with the modern, advanced technology. efficacious factors are important external factors in the business operations. Laws are the maneuver principles in any business. Laws must be adhered to, otherwise, the business will be deemed illegal if it fails to comply with them. Implementation of laws is costly and sometimes the government can set stringent rules if it wants to you out of the market. In hairdressing associated with salons, the government can set laws banning the use of sealed hairdressing products or certain hairstyles hence affecting the firms sales and profitability. Some of these laws can make the firm lose its customers and to close down. Some of the laws can deter the firm from expanding to certain regions or from transacting certain business dealings.3.4 merchandising StrategyTony and Guy salon is working trade strategy that would alter the company regains the control of the hair discourses market globally. More so, the company is working towards reviving and rejuvenating operational the Dubai weapon system that has not been performing well. The organization has set aside $ 1000000 for the processes in the market strategy.The conservative, limited trade budget will short -circuit among such activities as marketing efforts renting showrooms in high-traffic areas in cities where there will not only be more visibility of the Tony Guy products, but also its professionally trained staff will offer hair treatment services at subsidized rates, and show case the organizations product and services. Apart from the existing outlets, the activities will be conducted in selected well-traveled, popular malls located in high human traffic areas.Although, it will be costly to lease these locations temporarily, as they are charged above the normal rates, part of the high cost of rents will be offset of the sales made during the exercise. The other proceeds will be used to finance more visibility through sponsored marketing events and activities such as road shows and other activities. The marketing strategy is composed of the following activitiesAdvertisements there will be Advertisements in country particular and international magazines, journals, newspapers and other publications. Those publications that have capacious readerships among women and youth will be give priority since these groups the biggest junk of the target market segments.Since not all the target markets may be reached by advertizings in publications, alternatives means of reaching them will have to be decided. angiotensin converting enzyme way will be using large billboards in major roads feeding major world cities.Electronic mediums such picture Commercials, radio and InternetSponsored events and roads shows will be another marketing strategy to be used.3.4.1 MissionThe major objective of marketing strategies will be to inform the customers and those potentials customer that Tony and Guy products and beauty parlour Services are not only available locally, but also that the company is committed to providing reasonably priced, favorable hair styling and the organization exists to attract and maintain customers. Their services will meet or exceed the expectations of t heir customers and eventually result in secured and protected future markets.3.4.2 market ObjectivesThe marketing strategies will increase reprise customers by at least 9% per quarter.Product visibilities and awareness is to be boosted by 14%Non-performing branches such the one in Dubai is to maintain positive, tranquilize growth each month.3.4.3 Financial ObjectivesUltimately, the marketing objectives of the marketing strategy must translate into sales. Upon full implementation of the marketing plan, the following effects are anticipated or targeted sales10% increase for products sold per year. crop of the profit margin by 3% per year.Full recovery of sales and at long last profitability in the Dubai branches and other branches initially performing poorly throughout the worlds one year since the inception of marketing programs.3.5 Target MarketingTarget marketing as part of the strategy will enable Tony and Guy to reach different market segments as renderd at a lower placeMen past statistics show that men at least 70%-75% of men use hair make up, thus implying significant commercial enterprise potentials. Relevant communicational tactical ads will to reach these groups will be used.Upper-end and lower-end women markets The biggest proportions (about 90%) of the revenues to the hair industry come from female customers. Women have mostly been found to be fond of identifying themselves with classy, expensive, and fashionable products and services. Although they can be discriminated by class and prices, the quality of services and functionality of different brands of Tony and Guy brands will greatly influence this segment of the market. There therefore, great potential market in the women populations.Young Mothers with Children Young children are an emerging market in the hair treatment industry. A typical family salon has playing facilities for children, where children safely overlook their times as they wait for their parents or as they wait to be serv ed in the Hairdressing and treatment. all(prenominal) of the three groups will be targeted separately. The Tony and Guy outlets and the new-leased promotional centers will prepare its staff to offer quick and convenient services to the male customers. Outlets will close late at wickedness 8 pm in high traffic centers and security services will be acquired from security companies. Throughout the periods, no appointments will be required, and most of the salon services will be on get-go come first serve basis but quick, convenient, and satisfactory to the customers.As for women, research has shown them to prefer the allure of classy salons, although practically not everyone can afford such luxury. For this reason, Tony and Guy will provide the different hair treatment services but fastidiously within the normal start prices. Tony and Guy will focuses their marketing strategies on these customers by put violence on the classy, ultra hype styling that Tony and Guy will offer at all their outlets all over the world during the promotion period or the time of implementing the marketing strategies.Entertainment will be offered. To reach both the high end and low-end market at the time go sympathetic wit classy but affordable services and products, Tony and Guy advertisement will be made to appeal to all. The advertisement while communicating the classiness of the services and products will also emphasize of the affordability. Above all, advertisements will demonstrate that making up and treating ones hair with companys products and or services is a necessity, as basic as clothing. It will snuff it that it no longer a secondary need but a basic need for every woman.With the latest finding confirming that there is an emerging market in children for the hair industry, Tony and Guy cannot ignore the segment. To win the Children market, Tony and Guy, will focus its marketing strategies towards young mothers visiting the salons with children by investing in kids toy s, playing facilities, and offering hairdressing services friendly to children. In addition, the children will receive special rates that would entice the customers to visit the salons again. The tactical advertisement will be tuned to appeal to this group while reaching other segment with the same message.3.6 PositioningTony and Guy Salon marketing strategies will position the organization in the industry strategically to be a one stop-shop convenient and affordable place for services and products. While reaching families a incorporate entity, the salons also will appeals to individuals with all the outlets prepared to offer quality services and products at competitive rates even after the promotional periods. Tony and Guy will be offering one-stop services and building it competitive edge by striving to achieve its desired positioning throughThe staffs are incentivized to offer quality client services throughout. While Tony and Guy will invest time and money into training the emp loyees, other concerted efforts will be arranged to ensure that clients receive the best accomplishable experience that would make them loyal to the Salons and eventually turn them become long-term clients ultimately leading to improvement of the companys services and products reputations. Through its superior customer service, Tony and Guy will be in a position to legally and competitively out-perform its competitors both retail and big dealers operating in the industry.Excellent customer services throughout all centers Tony and Guys competitive edge will be based on superior customer service. The company recognizes that the hair treatment industry has crowded market with challenging situations id differentiating its products and services from those of the competitors. To stand out in the market, Tony and Guy, take advantage of its combined, concerted efforts to sell the hair products while at the same time operating salons. The two activities not only give an opportunity to cust omers to try the products and services but also enables them experience the quality of services and products the company offers. Tony and Guys have been trained in the London Academy in quality customers services. This will enable the company, throughout its branches spread across the globe, to continuously offer or provide superior customer attention. The staff will be as much as possible be flexible to the needs of the customer.3.7 Strategy PyramidsTo create a change, the old marketing strategies, with rejuvenated efforts, the single most apparent objective is to position Tony and Guy to be a prime one-stop hair-service shop for the family internationally. The pyramids marketing strategy attempts to first furnish all customers in the industry with the available products and services at the Tony and Guy Hairdressing and Salon before developing a firms customer base and eventually working towards improving customer referrals and loyalty.The message that Tony and Guy will be selling will be communicate and stir the entire family into quick, professional services that come with excellent customer service at affordable rates. Various mediums will be used to communicate the message. During and after the promotions, the messages will continue to be communicated through in-store and storefront displays through all the outlets and partnering retail salons. This will be convenient and cost effective method acting that will attract potential and existing customers that walk nearly the or near the outlets and retail centre. This will complement the initially and naturalized strategies of using publication and print mediums local and international regular publications newspapers.4.0 Marketing MixTony and Guy marketing mix will carefully perform market research too selectively to influence customer air in favor of the services and product of the company. Theoretically, a typical marketing mix model is comprised of the 4Ps of marketing namely pricing, Place (distributi on), Promotion and advertising, and Product.4.1 setTony and Guy Salon pricing system will be founded on a competitive pricing model that while making the services and products affordable remains competitive relative to competitors prices. This pricing strategy will be the most fundamental element that needs serious considerations in each market. Although the pricing of services and products by Tony and Guy will be guided by the current levels and those of the competitors, the company will strive to offer optimal prices, affordable and compelling to the customer, yet giving reasonable returns.During the promotions, the prices will be subsidized, but at a minimum, the revenues must offset the promotional expenses. Thereafter the new set of optimal prices will be offered for the products. Each markets retail outlet will be issued with pricing guidelines. Tony and Guy concede the difficulty in standardizing prizes in all the markets considering the variations in income and economic le vels. For this reason, each segment of economic separated by national boundaries and currency will have specific pricing model guidelines.Independent salons franchised to offer Tony and Guy products and services will be given discounts to together with customer denomination to the loyal ones (Westwood, 2000).4.2 Price PolicyWhile Tony and Guy Company Salon admit that pricing is the most important element that influences customer or rather buyer behavior and the same determine the profitability of any enterprise, the company intends to develop policies that would assist the managements and retailing outlets in setting optimal pricings that are enticing to customers. These prices will be so strategic that that it will affect the overall performances and the future competitiveness of Tony and Guy. Attracting new clients and keeping the customers, will be the key agenda in the pricing policies to be developed. Because of these affordably but competitive prices, Tony and Guy will use o ther strategies expand its market. big sales volumes will compensate the lower prices. In this case, the best method that the company sees as what will attract customers and keep them. For the prices to be competitive and appealing to customers, the organization devises strategies and conducts feasibility analyses of customers experiences at different pricing scenarios. This requires some market research and testing to determine customer behavior at different selected rates.The Tony and Guy Hair products and hair treatment services will use the fixed price in specific regions, with similar market segment description such demographic, cultural, and economic situations. This policy involves determining the price for customers who are willing to purchase the product with the same prices, given the same-shared market conditions and environment. Though it sounds discriminatory in nature, the prices will be fixed in such a way that it will be very easy for the company to administer and i n the end be able to maintain a good will within the customers. This strategy will enable the company to use a higher pricing in fail economic markets to compensate the minimal rates charged in the markets, whose economic and average income levels are lower. This is one of the strategies often recommended for company multinationals operating in countries having different economic performances (Westwood, 2000).4.3 Place (Place of Distribution) and Worldwide Marketing (Promotion)Tony and Guy Salon being an international company that deals with hair treatments products and services, has a strategic marketing plan program for its product and services with a world wide scope. Since the birth of the organization in United Kingdom, the company has always catered for the exact of its customers across the globe. Consistent with this global reach, the company has always been aware of its customer around the globe.In line with this element of the marketing mix and consistent to the marketing strategy, the strategy has always been to formulate and invent products exceeds the needs and preferences of the company customer wherever they are in the world. With much investment in research and development of Tony and Guy salon products, the organization has already set the specific needs required in most parts of the world, including the strict Islamic Middle East (Perry Sherlock, 2008).Following adaptation of its products to meet the specific hair needs of customers in a different part of the globe, To

The North Face Inc Accounting Essay

The northwesterly expect Inc Accounting EssayFinancial accountants and mugwump analyseors commonly face repugn technical and ethical dilemmas while carrying out their lord responsibilities. This case profiles an moderns report and fiscal reporting fraud orchestrated by the political boss monetary officer (CFO) of a major public companion and his subordinates. The CFO, who was a CPA, took total measures to conceal the fraud from his companys study committee and independent auditors. Despite those measures, the independent auditors identified suspicious entries in the companys accounting records that were a result of the CFOs double-faced scheme but did non properly investigate those items. Shortly in front the fraud was publicly revealed, a partner of the companys audit firm instructed his subordinates to motley prior year audit workpapers for the node to conceal improper decisions figure out by himself and his firm.HistoryHap Klopp founded uniting lay out in the mid-1960s to twisting up a ready source of hiking and camping gear.In 1970, North typesetters case began designing and manufacturing its own line of products after opening a miserable factory in nearby Berkeley.In 1980, North display case began sponsoring mountain-climbing expeditions crosswise the globe. And North Face became the only supplier in the United States to offer a comprehensive collection of richly- dressance outerwear, skiwear, sleeping bags, packs and tents.ChallengesSales product vs. Quality ControlBy the mid-1980s, North Faces overburdened manufacturing facilities could non gratify the steadily growing demand for the companys merchandise or maintain the high quality production standards established by management.New EraIn July 1996, a in the altogether management team took North Face public, itemisation the companys common stock on the NASDAQ deepen.The management team established a goal of reaching annual exchanges of $1 billion by 2003.Later when the a ctual revenues and profits of North Face failed to meet managements expectations, the companys chief financial officer (CFO) and vice president of sales booked a series of fraudulent sales achievements.Barter for Success at North FaceIn declination 1997, North Faces CFO Christopher Crawford negotiated a $7.8 meg sale of excess inventory to a avocation company in exchange for apportion impute.Crawford knew that the authoritative accounting literature mostly precluded the experience of revenue on much(prenominal) effects.Crawford, however, structured the dealings to recognize a profit on the trade credits.An Oral Side AgreementCrawford involve the trading company to pay a instalment of the trade credits in cash.To further obscure the true nature of the cock-a-hoop exchange transaction, Crawford split it into 2 parts.1. On December 29,1997, a $5.15 one thousand thousand sale recorded($3.51 million in cash $1.64 million trade credit)2. On January 8, 1998, the stay $2. 65 million portion of the barter transaction was booked.ConsignmentsIn the third and 4th quarters of fiscal 1998, Todd Katz, North Faces vice president of sales, arranged two large sales to inflate the companys revenues, transactions that were rattling consignments rather than fulfil sales.The first of these transactions involved $9.3 million of merchandise sold to a small, app arel wholesaler in Texas.Katz negotiated a similar $2.6 million transaction with a small California wholesaler a few months later.Erasing the asideRichard Fiedelman served for several years as the advisory partner for the North Face audit engagement and during early 1998 served for a brief time as the audit engagement partner.During the 1997 audit, the Deloitte audit engagement partner proposed an adjustment to change by reversal the portion of the $7.8 million barter transaction recorded in December 1997 because he realized that the profit could not be recognized on a barter transaction when the seller is give exclusively in trade credits.The Deloitte audit partner passed on the proposed adjustment since it did not pee a material effect on North Faces 1997 financial statements. mend supervising the review of North Faces financial statements for the first quarter of 1998, Fiedelman allowed the company to improperly recognize profit on a portion of the $7.8 million barter transaction booked in January 1998 for which North Face was paid exclusively in trade credits.During the planning phase of the 1998 audit, Fiedelman convinced the new audit engagement partner that the prior year workpapers were wrong and that the introductory audit partner had not concluded that it was not permissible for North Face to recognize profit on the 1997 portion of the barter transaction that involved strictly trade credits.As a result of Fiedelmans guidance, the new audit partner did not propose an adjustment to reverse the January 1998 portion of the barter transaction that had been approved by Fiede lman.Fiedelmans subordinates altered the 1997 workpapers to change the goal expressed by the 1997 audit engagement partner that North Face was not entitled to record profit on a sales transaction in which it was paid inherently in trade credits.ConsequencesThe moment sanctioned North Faces CFO, the companys vice-president of sales, and Richard Fiedelman for their roles in the North Face fraud.Questions1. Should auditors insist that their leaf nodes play all proposed audit adjustments, even those that have an immaterial effect on the given set of financial statements? Defend your answer.No.Clients are not prone to adopting auditors proposed audit adjustments, which forces auditors to abouthow determine on an aggregate base the impact that proposed and/or passed audit adjustments have on a clients financial statements. The most common reason for a client not to make a proposed audit adjustment is that the client disagrees with the need for the given adjustment.We dont necessit ate to see that audit engagements ultimately become a tug-of-war between client management and auditors over proposed audit adjustments.2. Should auditors take explicit measures to prevent their clients from discovering or becoming aware of the physicalness thresholds used on individual audit engagements? Would it be feasible for auditors to conceal this information from their audit clients?Yes. To the greatest termination possible, auditors should not provide clients with access to the critical parameters or facets of audit engagements, including materiality limits. concord to this case, the CFO used the materiality to subvert the integrity of the entire audit engagement.It is often not feasible to conceal information such as materiality limits from client military group.For example, auditors always have client personnel pull documents, prepare various schedules to which audit procedures will be applied, and perform another(prenominal) important audit-related tasks. In comple ting these tasks, client personnel butt often determine the auditors intent and/or the scope or materiality limit of a given audit test. Likewise, clients have access to the professional auditing literature and professional publications that discuss the general guidelines that auditors use in devising important strategic decisions during the course of an audit, including the selection of materiality limits for individual accounts or financial statement items.3. Identify the general principles or guidelines that dictate when companies are entitled to record revenue. How were these principles or guidelines violated by the $7.8 million barter transaction and the two consignment sales discussed in this case? agree to FASB 605 Revenue RecognitionRevenues and gains are realized when products (goods or services), merchandise, or other assets are exchanged for cash or claims to cash. Revenues are considered to have been acquire when the entity has substantially sueed what it must do to be entitled to the benefits stand for by the revenues.Generally, barter transactions in which a company receives trade credits in exchange for merchandise should be recorded at the fair value of the merchandises given up since the ultimate realizability or sparing value of the trade credits is typically not determinable at the time of the exchange. So, even though the exchange broker of the revenue perception principle is satisfied by such a transaction, the realized element is not necessarily satisfied, meaning that any profit on the transaction should be deferred. In the case at hand, there was clearly some question as to the fair value of the excess merchandise that was cosmos sold to the barter company. A conservative treatment of the transaction index have dictated that a loss or writedown of the merchandise was actually the most discriminate accounting treatment for the transaction.FASB 605-15-25 Sales of Product when full of Return Exists prohibits a seller from recog nizing revenue (or profit, of course) when the given customer roll in the hay return the product and the ultimate payment to be received by the seller hinges on the customer reselling the product. twain features of the revenue recognition restrain were violated by the decision of North Face to record the large consignment sales there was not a true exchange since the two customers did not pay for the merchandise and the given transactions were not finalized until the customers resold the merchandise, meaning that the realized requirement of the revenue recognition rule had not been satisfied.4. Identify and briefly explain each of the champion objectives that auditors hope to accomplish by preparing audit workpapers. How were these objectives undermined by Deloittes decision to alter North Faces 1997 workpapers?According to AICPA AU Section 339. 03, audit documentation serves mainly toa. Provide the principal support for the auditors report, including the re bring ination regard ing observance of the standards of fieldwork, which is implicit in the reference to generally accepted auditing standards.b. Aid the auditor in the conduct and supervision of the audit.Both of these objectives were undercut by the decision of the Deloitte auditors to alter North Faces 1997 audit workpapers.First, by modifying the 1997 workpapers and not documenting the given revisions in those workpapers, the Deloitte auditors destroyed audit evidence, evidence that show that the 1997 audit team had properly investigated the authoritative literature relevant to barter transactions and proposed an audit adjustment consistent with the requirements of that literature.Second, the alteration of the 1997 workpapers affected the decisions make on the 1998 audit. That is, the auditors during the 1998 audit relied on the apparent decisions make during the 1997 audit and then reached an improper decision on the accounting treatment that would be appropriate for the barter transaction recorde d by North Face in January 1998.5. North Faces management teams were criticized for strategic blunders that they do over the course of the companys history. Do auditors have a responsibility to assess the quality of the blusher decisions made by client executives? Defend your answer.Yes.Major strategic blunders by client management can create an environment in which client executives and their key subordinates have a strong incentive to distort their entitys accounting records and financial statements. More generally, the overall quality of top managements decisions affects the inherent risk present during a given audit.Event though assessing the quality of key decisions made by client executives is not often seen as an explicit audit procedure within an audit program, auditors need to be aware that the competence of top management and the wide-ranging implications of that competence to all facets of an audit.

Equality :: essays research papers

EqualityI have a vision, that on the whole peck be treated equally. Race, religion, sex,age, and other petty differences should not mater. every(prenominal) one has a eucharist to mehere, on Earth. Everyone has a rite to be heard. I hope that some daytime, when aperson looks at other they wont judge them until they actually meet them.Race, religion, sex, and age doesnt shambling someone each less of a person.Age should not mater. Both young and experienced have a rite to be heard. Aslong as a person is educated about something, they have a rite to form anopinion about it. Children are no less of people because they are young.Sex should not mater. Both men and women are people, therefore, theyshould be treated with respect. Many men and women are harassed every day by theopposite sex. People should realize that without the opposite sex, it would meanthe polish off of the human race. So both men and women are just as important as theother.Religion should not matter. A person is raised(a) to believe something. Noreligion is equipment casualty. Any person could argue that some other religion is wrong. So ifyou tell someone that they are believing the wrong thing, they could same to you.No religion is wrong.Reverse disagreement is also wrong. It isnt a persons fault that peopleof their race and sex usually get a brake. Reverse discrimination is stilldiscrimination, and all discrimination is wrong. All discrimination is the same.No one should discriminate against another ever. Especially if I it is to processthem self up.I hope that all people will remove to go about things in a peaceful way.So umpteen people have died in the past because someone was trying to make astatement. None of these people should have died. In society today we kill and

An Analysis of Prostitutes on Strike: The Women of Hotel Street During World War II :: essays research papers fc

When most mickle hear the word prostitute, they immediately envision a individual who is a disease-ridden imbecile of society. However, if one researches the statistics and personal recollections of prostitutes, they will find that they whitethorn be very clean and great wo hands. The reflection that Beth Bailey and David Farber recall in the essay called Prostitutes on Strike The Women of Hotel Street During WW II shows what the prostitutes were actually similar in the 1940s. In several cases of the women in Hawaii during World contend II, their compassion is shown through their cooperation with organizations and with the public. Many of the things that they did, however, were not entirely as moral as they seem to appear to be. The events associated with the prostitutes that stayed in Hawaii during WWII can be thought of as both ethical and unethical, but nonetheless, they fought a struggle of their own to keep their occupations and ways of life.Prostitutes in Hawaii thrived with business during the propagation surrounding the War to End All Wars. With the growth of men freeing through the cranial orbit on leave, grew the business of the prostitutes of the time. The brothels that the prostitutes worked in were aimed at the servicemen during the war. The men were lined up outside the buildings for sometimes hours at end, in scarecrow of everyone to see. On top of that, the women at the door would sometimes reject a man who they did not trust, or even those who appeared drunk. The brothels also brought peace to the area if a man needed to fill a intimate desire, the manipulation of a prostitute would prevent a rape or sexual assault from happening (432).The status quo for prostitutes in Hawaii changed dramatically later the attack on Pearl Harbor. When they went to volunteer at hospitals to aid the wounded, some were turned down, due to fear of infection. Some women did what they could to help, even going as far to transform the brothels into livin g quarters for the wounded. Since their rooms were occupied, the prostitutes were forced into the street. presently after, they discovered that they could buy or lease houses and resume business as normal. Weeks later, after the wounded soldiers moved out, the prostitutes wished to continue living down by the beautiful beaches where they could continue their business, and live in secrecy as well.

Copernicus Essay -- essays research papers

Copernicus has been named one of the most influential plenty this millennia by Time Magazine in part for his movements in though during the scientific transition creating a basis for modern astronomy and challenging the church (of the 15th century) to lead the way to a reform in opinion. He did so by disproving (mathematically) a theory of the heavens that had existed for almost 14 centuries, established by a man named Charles Ptolemy in 250 AD. Copernicus revolutionized astronomy by creating a solid basis for it to stand on, discovering that "The Earth was not the concentrate on of the cosmos, but rather one celestial body among many, as it became pendent to mathematical description." He compiled a manuscript of his theories, including the retrogressive behaviour of the planets, go by the Earths daily rotation on its axis and yearly revolution around the sun. Much of Copernicus influence was rooted in the minds of men for old age, by chance because his theories wer e not fully understood or appreciated until many years after his death in 1543. Finally, Nicolaus Copernicus had a theory published (anonymously) that went against Catholic Church authority, a very bold step for someone in that era. The Church relented, and allowed the circulation of the manuscript.The Ptolemic System, up until the 1510s was the only way of idea about the solar system as they knew it. The Church firmly believed the Earth was the centre of the universe, and as far as the community in that era was concerned, the Churchs way of thinking was the correct way of thinking. For a great many years, the Ptolemic System had control the minds of astronomers the Earth was the centre of the universe, and that Mercury, Venus, our Moon, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and the Sun all revolved around the Earth. As Copernicus recorded the movements of Mars, he noticed a peculiar pattern in its movements. Every night, its position differed slightly, mostly travelling west, then for a some d ays east again, then continuing west. He called the phenomenon retrograde motion, and it seemed to rationalise a rotation of the Earth. During his years as a student in universities (1491-1503), he found the first defects in the Ptolemic System, and after much concentration, he developed a manuscript with his theories of the Heaven in 1514, De revoltionibus orbium coelestium, libri (English Translation On the Re... ...uestioned in Italy, and many new theories were being constructed. The expansion in thinking gave way for astronomers like Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei who further revolutionized astronomy as we know it today.Nicolaus Copernicus, natural Mikolaj Kopernik, of Thorn, Poland accomplished a great many things, some we take for granted. He created an infinite number of possibilities of directions for astronomy to take. He expanded the minds of humans everywhere, and particularly those of the Catholic Church. His manuscript De Revolutionibus created quite a stir, an d raised a chase among the students he lectured infrequently. "Considered the father of modern astronomy, he completely revolutionized science in the 1500s, giving way to others with radical theories to present them, and be accepted, not rejected." By the time of Copernicus passing, most of Europe was thirsting for more information. What he contributed to astronomy go away not be forgotten, and many new ideas shall rise because of his radical thinking, qualification him truly worthy of being The father of Modern Astronomy," and being set(p) on Time Magazines list of the 100 most influential people of the millenia.

Cuban Missile Crisis :: essays research papers fc

The world will never be the same since October of 1962. It is now known as the Cuban projectile Crisis. The U.S. learned that the Soviets were building nuclear missile bases on Cuba because the Soviets wanted to adjacent the missile gap. Even though the Soviet Union promised they would non essay to place nuclear weapons in Cuba, they put them there anyway in hopes that the U.S. would non find out until it was too late to do anything around it. The ploy almost worked. The nuclear bases were very near completion when a U.S. U-2 spy plane discovered the bases. The world held its breath as these events unfolded sooner their eyes If any decision had have been different, it might have conduct to WW III. That is not a very comforting thought, knowing that we were so closedown to a nuclear holocaust. Many believe Kennedy made the correct decision, I stand with that group Others believe we should have conducted surgical strikes against the bases to show we would not tolerate a thre at that close to our own shores. Kennedy was probably conservative about strikes because of the Bay of Pigs invasion which had failed so miserably just a year before. The Bay of Pigs invasion was an attempt by the U.S. to remove Castro from office. We fortify and trained about 2000 Cuban exiles for this job. The hope was that a general rebellion would begin, and Castro would be removed from office by his own people and not by any United States personnel. What cost the success of the mission was that the U.S. neglect to provide air cover for the troops. Of the 2000 troops, 300 were killed and the rest were taken prisoner. Evidently, Kennedy did not want another Bay of Pigs, so he elected to demonstrate a naval blockade. He must have made the right choice, because we are still here today. An advantage that the U.S.S.R. had if we had not found the missile bases in time, would have been the first strike capability. This does not necessarily average the ability to strike first, nee dless to say, any country can do that It means the ability to strike first and disarm the opponent at the same time. If the U.S.S.R. had active nuclear missile bases in Cuba, many Americans feared that the Soviets could seduce an attempt take out our air bases without our even realizing it until it was too late.

The Power of Superstition Essay -- Informative Essays superstitious

The business office of Superstition A fanaticism is the belief or practice resulting from ignorance, apprehension of the unknown, trust in magic or chance, or a put on conception of causation. Superstition is also an irrational abject attitude of perspicacity toward the supernatural, nature, or God or a notion maintained contempt evidence to the contrary (Merriam-Webster). Superstitions ar the most common relic of the ultimo handed down from the ages. When & where did bigotry come from? There is an abundance of superstitions to date. grassroots superstitions can be broken down into three broad categories Predictive, contributive and Conversion. Predictive superstitions are when people believe that a particular superstition will predict an oncoming event. Causative superstitions are based on someone actually doing something to make something bad happen. Conversion superstitions generally accede predictive and causative superstitions (Lechniak).There are many aspects of th e wedding superstition. Weddings superstitions are some of the most commonly practiced. A few aspects of wedding superstition are...

Herman Melvilles Billy Budd - The Tragedy of Billy Budd :: Herman Melville Billy Budd Essays

The Tragedy of Justice in B bronchiticy Budd         Charles Reichs assessment of the encounter in wand Budd focuses on the distinction between the laws of society and the laws of nature. human race law says that men are the sum total of their actions, and no more. Reich uses this as a basis for his assertion that Billy is innocent in what he is, non what he does. The point of the novel is therefore not to try the good and evil in Billy or Claggart, but to assign the reader in the position of Captain Vere, who must interpret the laws of both man and nature.         Reich supports Veres decision to hang Billy. In defense of this he alludes to a famous English court case, in which three men were incriminate of murder. However, the circumstances which led them to murder were beyond their control they had been stranded at sea and forced to kill and eat their fourth companion, who had fallen ill and was about to die anyway. The Judge, Lord Coleridge, found them guilty because law cannot draw natures principle of self-preservation. In other words, necessity is not a plea for killing, even when this necessity is beyond human control. Since Billy is unable to book himself verbally, he responds to pure nature, and the dictates of necessity by lashing out at Claggart. I agree with Reichs notion that Vere was correct in  hanging Billy, and that it is society, not Vere, who should be criticized for this judgement for Vere is forced to reject the urgings of his own heart and his value to comply with the binding laws of man.         First, the moral issue aside, Captain Vere had no pick but to convict Billy. As captain of a ship low pressure of war and the constant threat of mutiny, Vere had to act swiftly. Also, as captain, Vere had the office of making sure the laws were strictly holdd, including the Mutiny Act. Although Vere knew in his heart Billy was innocent, Billys actions had to be punished.             For Vere to have acquitted Billy would mean that he had displace the divine law of nature above the laws he was bound to enforce as captain of a

Graduation Speech :: Graduation Speech, Commencement Address

What do you want to be when you grow up? The dreams of our juvenility often become the challenges of today and the challenges of today often become the blueprints of our future. roughly of my childhood dreams centered around sports and they have been a big position of my life. When Teresa Wilson brought fastpitch softball to the University of Washington, my friends and I were the first to sign up for her initial summer skills camp. We all stood together, down below on the Chiefs softball field, shyly giggling and acting crazy. Teresa Wilson introduced her first UW team duck soupers and instantly Jennifer Kline became my hero and to play intercollegiate fastpitch was cemented in my heart as a dream. Kline worked with me as a catcher at the camp and she was so good, and so smart, and so patient, but most classic she wasnt condescending or arrogant. She worked with me on blocking and framing and calling a game, neer making me feel stupid or clumsy. The dream to play college softb all expanding to coaching the game someday. I could really see how ofttimes a good coach or teacher could help a player or student.Sport teaches lessons that can translate on a larger scale to life. As an athlete I have knowledgeable the importance of teamwork. Any team is only as strong as its least prepared member. The very best player will never beat the best team. The concept of teamwork encourages members to give up the pursuit of unmarried glory for the success of the team. Individual statistics may bring personal arrogance but they rest in the shadow of the teams overall success.Sport nurtures our intrinsic love of competition. Athletes are encouraged to practice hard, prepare both physically and mentally for the contest challenge, and then perform at their highest level. Most inexpert athletes are also taught to accept victory with a certain breaker point of modesty and humility and to acknowledge defeat with graciousness and the added incentive to ameliorate future performances. This is a particularly important life lesson to learn. Healthy and bonny competition leads to better performances by all participants.Sport builds self esteem. The appraise of coaches and the cheers of fans nurture feelings of self-worth and even criticism, when offered in a constructive way, can lace a players confidence in his own ability and his contributions to the team. Everyone enjoys hearing gaze but it is the criticisms that, when taken to heart, can improve the athlete and can fill out his self-esteem by supporting the belief that he brings value and bm to his sport.

Behavioral Modeling Essay -- Ethics

Mental and healthcare providers need special awareness of maestro line crossings and violations. There is a tendency towards encouraging those individuals to behave more(prenominal) empathically and less formally with their patients and clients makes such awareness increasingly important. Professional sharpness ethics have been incorporated into the professional codes of many mental and healthcare providers all over the country, but it is important to have continuing didactics throughout the year (Al Sayyari, Hejaili, Jamal, Shamsi & Tamim, 2010).Mental and Healthcare providers must have narrow training to strike the right balance between rigidity and formalities on one hand and undue laxity and informality in their approach on the other. This is the result in crossing boundaries and improper practice, with resulting injury to patients and clients. There is an important distinction than includes awareness of the distinction between boundary crossing and the boundary violatio ns (Al Sayyari, Hejaili, Jamal, Shamsi & Tamim, 2010).Examples of boundary crossings would include paying the clients or patients agglomerate fare or a bill giving him or her a hug when a client or patient is distressed, and so on. border violations, on the other hand, involve crossings that have the potential to prove pestilential and exploitive to the client or patient. Boundary violations can involve a myriad of behaviors. Examples of these include- sexual abuse and harassment, sexual relationships, abuse of time or place of work, taking financial advantage of the client or patient, demanding gifts, coercing patients, defame of fiduciary relationship, and improper with pharmaceutical companies (Al Sayyari, Hejaili, Jamal, Shamsi & Tamim, 2010).The worst type of ... ...para. 12). Last is called political program climate, which includes an atmosphere conducive to learining, and competent informed, and ethical teachers (Vaquez, 1988). Works CitedAamodt, M, (2010). Industrial/o rganisational Psychology (6th Edition). Belmont, CA. Cengage Learning.Browne, N.M., Giametro-Meyer, A. & Williamson, C. (2004). Practical Business Ethics for the Busy Manager. Upper point River, New Jersey Pearson Prentice HallBryant, S.E. & Fox, S.K. Behavioral moulding instruction and Generalization Interaction of Learning Point Type and Number of theoretical account Scenarios. The Psychological Record, Vol. 45, 1995. Hultman, K. E. (1986). Behavior Modeling for Results. Training & Development Journal, 40(12), 60. Mayer, S. J., & Russell, J. S. (1987). Behavior Modeling Training in Organizations Concerns and Conclusions. Journal of Management, 13(1), 21.